fix(gen): add bases for ConstraintType and TypeVar

this adds the case where we check whether AppliedType <: Type, and delegates to the body

this may not be a legitimate rule, or may need to be refined

examples/02_demonstration/demo.midas

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+predicate in_range(min: float, max: float)(v: float) = min <= v & v <= max
+predicate is_ratio = in_range(0, 1)
+
+type Money = float
+type Price[T <: Money] = T where _ >= 0
+
+type EUR = Money
+type USD = Money
+
+type Reduction = float where is_ratio(_)

examples/02_demonstration/demo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from typing import TypeVar, cast
+
+from demo_stubs import EUR, USD, Money, Price, Reduction
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=Money)
+
+
+def apply_reduction(amount: Price[T], reduction: Reduction) -> Price[T]:
+    return cast(Price[T], (1.0 - reduction) * amount)
+
+
+a1 = cast(Price[EUR], 3.2)
+a2 = cast(Price[USD], 10.4)
+r1: Reduction = cast(Reduction, 0.2)
+
+print(apply_reduction(a1, r1))
+print(apply_reduction(a2, r1))
+
+# a3 = a1 + a2

midas/checker/preamble.py

@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ class Preamble(Environment):
             returns=self._list_of(map_out),  # TODO: replace with Iterable[U]
             type_vars=[map_in, map_out],
         )
+        self._def_function(
+            name="input",
+            pos=[Param("prompt", TopType(), required=False)],
+            returns=self._types.get_type("str"),
+        )
 
     def _list_of(self, item_type: Type) -> Type:
         return self._types.apply_generic(self._types.get_type("list"), [item_type])

midas/checker/python.py

@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ from midas.checker.types import (
     GenericType,
     OverloadedFunction,
     Type,
+    TypeVar,
     UnitType,
     UnknownType,
+    Variance,
     unfold_type,
 )
 from midas.checker.unifier import Unifier
@@ -229,7 +231,8 @@ class PythonTyper(
             )
             pos += 1
 
-        for arg in pos_args + args + kw_args:
+        all_args: list[Function.Argument] = pos_args + args + kw_args
+        for arg in all_args:
             env.define(arg.name, arg.type)
 
         returns_hint: Optional[Type] = None
@@ -270,12 +273,25 @@ class PythonTyper(
             returns = inferred_return
 
         # TODO: handle *args and **kwargs sinks
-        function: Function = Function(
+        function: Type = Function(
             pos_args=pos_args,
             args=args,
             kw_args=kw_args,
             returns=returns,
         )
+        generic_params: list[TypeVar] = []
+        all_types: list[Type] = [arg.type for arg in all_args] + [returns]
+        for type in all_types:
+            if isinstance(type, TypeVar):
+                if type not in generic_params:
+                    generic_params.append(type)
+
+        if len(generic_params) != 0:
+            function = GenericType(
+                name=stmt.name,
+                params=generic_params,
+                body=function,
+            )
         self.env.define(stmt.name, function)
 
     def visit_type_assign(self, stmt: p.TypeAssign) -> None:
@@ -453,6 +469,10 @@ class PythonTyper(
         return result or UnknownType()
 
     def visit_call_expr(self, expr: p.CallExpr) -> Type:
+        match expr.callee:
+            case p.VariableExpr(name="TypeVar"):
+                return self.define_typevar(expr) or UnknownType()
+
         callee: Type = self.type_of(expr.callee)
         positional: list[TypedExpr] = [
             (arg, self.type_of(arg)) for arg in expr.arguments
@@ -518,6 +538,7 @@ class PythonTyper(
         return UnknownType()
 
     def visit_cast_expr(self, expr: p.CastExpr) -> Type:
+        _ = self.type_of(expr.expr)
         return self.resolve_type_expr(expr.type)
 
     def visit_ternary_expr(self, expr: p.TernaryExpr) -> Type:
@@ -1033,3 +1054,57 @@ class PythonTyper(
             report_errors=False,
         )
         return result
+
+    def define_typevar(self, call: p.CallExpr) -> Optional[TypeVar]:
+        def is_kw_true(name: str) -> bool:
+            match call.keywords.get(name):
+                case p.LiteralExpr(value=True):
+                    return True
+                case _:
+                    return False
+
+        match call:
+            case p.CallExpr(
+                arguments=[p.LiteralExpr(value=str() as name)],
+            ):
+                bound: Optional[Type] = None
+                variance: Variance = Variance.INVARIANT
+                if "bound" in call.keywords:
+                    bound_type: p.MidasType = self._parse_type_from_expr(
+                        call.keywords["bound"]
+                    )
+                    bound = self.resolve_type_expr(bound_type)
+
+                if is_kw_true("covariant"):
+                    variance = Variance.COVARIANT
+
+                if is_kw_true("contravariant"):
+                    if variance == Variance.COVARIANT:
+                        self.reporter.warning(
+                            call.keywords["contravariant"].location,
+                            "TypeVar cannot be covariant and contravariant at the same time. Marked as invariant",
+                        )
+                        variance = Variance.INVARIANT
+                    else:
+                        variance = Variance.CONTRAVARIANT
+                var: TypeVar = TypeVar(name=name, bound=bound, variance=variance)
+                self.types.define_type(name, var)
+                return var
+
+            case _:
+                self.reporter.warning(
+                    call.location, "Invalid usage of 'TypeVar', skipping"
+                )
+                return None
+
+    def _parse_type_from_expr(self, expr: p.Expr) -> p.MidasType:
+        location: Location = expr.location
+        parser = PythonParser()
+        match expr:
+            case p.LiteralExpr(value=str() as value):
+                node: ast.Expression = ast.parse(value, mode="eval")
+                return parser._parse_type(node.body)
+            case p.VariableExpr(name=name):
+                return p.BaseType(location=location, base=name, param=None)
+            case _:
+                raise NotImplementedError

midas/checker/registry.py

@@ -130,6 +130,19 @@ class TypesRegistry:
             case (_, TopType()):
                 return True
 
+            case (_, UnknownType()):
+                return True
+
+            case (TypeVar(bound=bound), _):
+                if bound is None:
+                    return False
+                return self.is_subtype(bound, type2)
+
+            case (_, TypeVar(bound=bound)):
+                if bound is None:
+                    return True
+                return self.is_subtype(type1, bound)
+
             case (AliasType(type=base1), _):
                 return self.is_subtype(base1, type2)
 
@@ -147,11 +160,6 @@ class TypesRegistry:
             case (Function(), Function()):
                 return self.is_func_subtype(type1, type2)
 
-            case (TypeVar(bound=bound), _):
-                if bound is None:
-                    return False
-                return self.is_subtype(bound, type2)
-
             case (ConstraintType(type=base1), _):
                 return self.is_subtype(base1, type2)
 
@@ -173,6 +181,10 @@ class TypesRegistry:
                             return False
                 return True
 
+            # TODO: verify legitimacy
+            case (AppliedType(body=body), _):
+                return self.is_subtype(body, type2)
+
         return False
 
     # TODO: verify the logic in here
@@ -389,6 +401,12 @@ class TypesRegistry:
                 )
                 return self.lookup_member(base, member_name)
 
+            case ConstraintType(type=base):
+                return self.lookup_member(base, member_name)
+
+            case TypeVar(bound=bound) if bound is not None:
+                return self.lookup_member(bound, member_name)
+
             case UnknownType():
                 return UnknownType()
 

midas/cli/commands/stubs.py

@@ -1,27 +1,64 @@
 import ast
+import time
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TextIO
 
+import black
 import click
+from watchdog.events import DirModifiedEvent, FileModifiedEvent, FileSystemEventHandler
+from watchdog.observers import Observer
 
 from midas.checker.checker import TypeChecker
 from midas.generator.stubs import StubsGenerator
 
 
-@click.command(help="Generate stubs from Midas definitions")
-@click.argument("file", type=click.File("r"))
-@click.option("-o", "--output", type=click.File("w"), default="-")
-def stubs(
-    file: TextIO,
-    output: TextIO,
-):
-    source_path: Path = Path(file.name).resolve()
-
+def generate_stubs(in_path: Path, out_path: Path):
     checker = TypeChecker()
-    checker.import_midas(source_path)
+    checker.import_midas(in_path)
 
     generator = StubsGenerator(checker.types)
     module: ast.Module = generator.generate_stubs()
     module = ast.fix_missing_locations(module)
 
-    output.write(ast.unparse(module))
+    output: str = ast.unparse(module)
+    output = black.format_str(output, mode=black.Mode(is_pyi=True))
+
+    out_path.write_text(output)
+
+
+class Handler(FileSystemEventHandler):
+    def __init__(self, in_path: Path, out_path: Path) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.in_path: Path = in_path
+        self.out_path: Path = out_path
+
+    def on_modified(self, event: DirModifiedEvent | FileModifiedEvent) -> None:
+        generate_stubs(self.in_path, self.out_path)
+
+
+@click.command(help="Generate stubs from Midas definitions")
+@click.argument("file", type=click.File("r"))
+@click.option("-o", "--output", type=click.File("w"), default="-")
+@click.option("-w", "--watch", is_flag=True)
+def stubs(
+    file: TextIO,
+    output: TextIO,
+    watch: bool,
+):
+    source_path: Path = Path(file.name).resolve()
+    out_path: Path = Path(output.name).resolve()
+    generate_stubs(source_path, out_path)
+
+    if watch:
+        print(f"Watching {source_path}...")
+        print("Press CTRL+C to stop")
+        handler = Handler(source_path, out_path)
+        observer = Observer()
+        observer.schedule(handler, str(source_path))
+        observer.start()
+        try:
+            while True:
+                time.sleep(1)
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            observer.stop()
+        observer.join()

midas/generator/generator.py

@@ -322,8 +322,10 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
                 self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, base)
                 self._make_constraint_assert(src_location, expr, constraint)
 
-            case TypeVar():
-                raise RuntimeError("Unexpected TypeVar")
+            case TypeVar(bound=bound):
+                # TODO: check with type from arguments / use call-site context
+                if bound is not None:
+                    self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, bound)
 
             case (
                 TopType()

midas/generator/stubs.py

@@ -39,6 +39,18 @@ class StubsGenerator:
         self.stubs = []
         self.typing_imports = set()
         for name, type in self.types._types.items():
+            # Skip builtin types, not just based on name so the user can override
+            # TODO: check if added members on builtin type
+            match type:
+                case BaseType(name=name_) if name == name_:
+                    continue
+                case GenericType(
+                    name=name1,
+                    body=BaseType(name=name2),
+                ) if (
+                    name == name1 == name2
+                ):
+                    continue
             self.generate_stub(name, type)
 
         imports = [
@@ -115,6 +127,12 @@ class StubsGenerator:
                     body_subsitutions | substitutions,
                 )
 
+            case ConstraintType(type=base):
+                return self.get_bases(base)
+
+            case TypeVar(bound=bound) if bound is not None:
+                return [self.dump_type(bound)], {}
+
             case _:
                 return [], {}
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ authors = [
     { name = "Louis Heredero", email = "louis.heredero@students.hevs.ch" },
 ]
 classifiers = ["Programming Language :: Python :: 3"]
-dependencies = ["click>=8.4.1"]
+dependencies = [
+    "black>=26.5.1",
+    "click>=8.4.1",
+    "watchdog>=6.0.0",
+]
 
 [project.urls]
 Homepage = "https://git.kbk28.ch/HEL/midas"