feat(checker): add is_subtype method

midas/checker/builtins.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BUILTIN_SUBTYPES: dict[str, set[str]] = {
+    "float": {"int"},
+    "int": {"bool"},
+}

midas/checker/checker.py

@@ -6,10 +6,19 @@ from typing import Optional
 import midas.ast.midas as m
 import midas.ast.python as p
 from midas.ast.location import Location
+from midas.checker.builtins import BUILTIN_SUBTYPES
 from midas.checker.diagnostic import Diagnostic, DiagnosticType
 from midas.checker.environment import Environment
 from midas.checker.operators import COMPARATOR_METHODS, OPERATOR_METHODS
-from midas.checker.types import Function, Type, UnitType, UnknownType
+from midas.checker.types import (
+    AliasType,
+    BaseType,
+    ComplexType,
+    Function,
+    Type,
+    UnitType,
+    UnknownType,
+)
 from midas.lexer.midas import MidasLexer
 from midas.lexer.token import Token
 from midas.parser.midas import MidasParser
@@ -168,6 +177,45 @@ class Checker(
         stmts: list[m.Stmt] = parser.parse()
         self.ctx.resolve(stmts)
 
+    def unfold_type(self, type: Type) -> Type:
+        match type:
+            case AliasType(type=ref_type):
+                return self.unfold_type(ref_type)
+            case _:
+                return type
+
+    def is_subtype(self, type1: Type, type2: Type) -> bool:
+        """Check whether `type1` is a subtype of `type2`
+
+        For more details on the rules checked here, see TAPL Chap. 15-16-17
+
+        Args:
+            type1 (Type): the potential subtype
+            type2 (Type): the potential supertype
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: whether `type1` is a subtype of `type2`
+        """
+
+        type1 = self.unfold_type(type1)
+        type2 = self.unfold_type(type2)
+
+        if type1 == type2:
+            return True
+
+        match (type1, type2):
+            case (BaseType(name=name1), BaseType(name=name2)):
+                return name1 in BUILTIN_SUBTYPES.get(name2, set())
+
+            case (ComplexType(properties=props1), ComplexType(properties=props2)):
+                for k, t in props2.items():
+                    if k not in props1:
+                        return False
+                    if self.is_subtype(props1[k], t):
+                        return False
+                return True
+
+        return False
     def visit_expression_stmt(self, stmt: p.ExpressionStmt) -> None:
         self.type_of(stmt.expr)
 
@@ -266,7 +314,7 @@ class Checker(
         self.env.define(stmt.name, type)
 
     def visit_assign_stmt(self, stmt: p.AssignStmt) -> None:
-        value: Type = self.type_of(stmt.value)
+        value_type: Type = self.type_of(stmt.value)
         for target in stmt.targets:
             if not isinstance(target, p.VariableExpr):
                 self.logger.warning(f"Unsupported assignment to {target}")
@@ -276,13 +324,15 @@ class Checker(
             var_type: Optional[Type] = self.look_up_variable(name, target)
 
             if var_type is None:
-                self.env.define(name, value)
+                self.env.define(name, value_type)
             else:
-                # TODO: implement real comparison method
-                if var_type != value:
+                # S <: T
+                # Γ, x: T   v: S
+                # x = v
+                if not self.is_subtype(value_type, var_type):
                     self.error(
                         stmt.location,
-                        f"Cannot assign {value} to {name} of type {var_type}",
+                        f"Cannot assign {value_type} to {name} of type {var_type}",
                     )
 
     def visit_return_stmt(self, stmt: p.ReturnStmt) -> None:
@@ -357,7 +407,7 @@ class Checker(
         function: Function = callee
         mapped: list[MappedArgument] = self.map_call_arguments(function, expr)
         for arg in mapped:
-            if arg.type != arg.argument.type:
+            if not self.is_subtype(arg.type, arg.argument.type):
                 self.error(
                     arg.expr.location,
                     f"Wrong type for argument '{arg.argument.name}', expected {arg.argument.type}, got {arg.type}",
@@ -386,13 +436,17 @@ class Checker(
     def visit_logical_expr(self, expr: p.LogicalExpr) -> Type:
         left: Type = expr.left.accept(self)
         right: Type = expr.right.accept(self)
-        # TODO: union type
-        if left != right:
-            self.error(
-                expr.location,
-                f"Operands must be of the same type, left={left} != right={right}",
-            )
-        return left
+
+        if self.is_subtype(left, right):
+            return right
+        if self.is_subtype(right, left):
+            return left
+
+        self.error(
+            expr.location,
+            f"Incompatible operand types, {left=} and {right=}",
+        )
+        return UnknownType()
 
     def visit_set_expr(self, expr: p.SetExpr) -> Type: ...
 
@@ -410,13 +464,16 @@ class Checker(
 
         true_type: Type = expr.if_true.accept(self)
         false_type: Type = expr.if_false.accept(self)
-        if true_type != false_type:
-            self.error(
-                expr.location,
-                f"Type mismatch in ternary if branches: true={true_type} != false={false_type}",
-            )
-            return UnknownType()
-        return true_type
+        if self.is_subtype(true_type, false_type):
+            return false_type
+        if self.is_subtype(false_type, true_type):
+            return true_type
+
+        self.error(
+            expr.location,
+            f"Incompatible types in ternary if branches: true={true_type} and false={false_type}",
+        )
+        return UnknownType()
 
     def visit_base_type(self, node: p.BaseType) -> Type:
         return self.ctx.get_type(node.base)