feat(cli): generate stubs in build dir when compiling

Reviewed-on: #22

examples/02_demonstration/demo.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-from typing import TypeVar, cast
+from typing import TypeVar
 
-from demo_stubs import CHF, EUR, USD, Currency, Price, Discount
+from demo_stubs import CHF, EUR, USD, Currency, Discount, Price
+
+from midas.typing import cast, unsafe_cast
 
 T = TypeVar("T", bound=Currency)
 
@@ -28,3 +30,6 @@ discounted = apply_discount(
 )
 
 print(f"Discounted: CHF {discounted}")
+
+large_data = [i * 10 for i in range(100)]
+prices = unsafe_cast(list[Price[EUR]], large_data)

gen/midas.py

@@ -152,4 +152,14 @@ class FunctionType:
         required: bool
 
 
+class FrameType:
+    columns: list[Column]
+
+    @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+    class Column:
+        location: Optional[Location] = None
+        name: Token
+        type: Type
+
+
 ###<

gen/python.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from midas.ast.location import Location
 ###> MidasType | Type annotations | node
 class BaseType:
     base: str
-    param: Optional[MidasType]
+    args: tuple[MidasType, ...]
 
 
 class ConstraintType:
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ class LogicalExpr:
 class CastExpr:
     type: MidasType
     expr: Expr
+    unsafe: bool
 
 
 class TernaryExpr:
@@ -173,6 +174,10 @@ class SliceExpr:
     step: Optional[Expr]
 
 
+class TupleExpr:
+    items: tuple[Expr, ...]
+
+
 class RawExpr:
     expr: ast.expr
 

midas/ast/midas.py

@@ -253,6 +253,9 @@ class Type(ABC):
         @abstractmethod
         def visit_function_type(self, type: FunctionType) -> T: ...
 
+        @abstractmethod
+        def visit_frame_type(self, type: FrameType) -> T: ...
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class NamedType(Type):
@@ -311,3 +314,17 @@ class FunctionType(Type):
 
     def accept(self, visitor: Type.Visitor[T]) -> T:
         return visitor.visit_function_type(self)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FrameType(Type):
+    columns: list[Column]
+
+    @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+    class Column:
+        location: Optional[Location] = None
+        name: Token
+        type: Type
+
+    def accept(self, visitor: Type.Visitor[T]) -> T:
+        return visitor.visit_frame_type(self)

midas/ast/printer.py

@@ -350,6 +350,25 @@ class MidasAstPrinter(
                 arg.type.accept(self)
             self._write_line(f"required: {arg.required}", last=True)
 
+    def visit_frame_type(self, type: m.FrameType) -> None:
+        self._write_line("FrameType")
+        with self._child_level(single=True):
+            self._write_line("columns")
+            with self._child_level():
+                for i, column in enumerate(type.columns):
+                    self._idx = i
+                    if i == len(type.columns) - 1:
+                        self._mark_last()
+                    self._print_frame_column(column)
+
+    def _print_frame_column(self, column: m.FrameType.Column) -> None:
+        self._write_line("Column")
+        with self._child_level():
+            self._write_line(f'name: "{column.name.lexeme}"')
+            self._write_line("type")
+            with self._child_level(single=True):
+                column.type.accept(self)
+
 
 class MidasPrinter(m.Expr.Visitor[str], m.Stmt.Visitor[str], m.Type.Visitor[str]):
     def __init__(self, indent: int = 4):
@@ -502,6 +521,23 @@ class MidasPrinter(m.Expr.Visitor[str], m.Stmt.Visitor[str], m.Type.Visitor[str]
             res += "?"
         return res
 
+    def visit_frame_type(self, type: m.FrameType) -> str:
+        res: str = self.indented("Frame[")
+        if len(type.columns) != 0:
+            res += "\n"
+            self.level += 1
+            columns: list[str] = []
+            for column in type.columns:
+                columns.append(self.indented(self._print_frame_column(column)))
+            res += ",\n".join(columns)
+            self.level -= 1
+            res += "\n"
+        res += "]"
+        return res
+
+    def _print_frame_column(self, column: m.FrameType.Column) -> str:
+        return f"{column.name.lexeme}: {column.type.accept(self)}"
+
 
 class PythonAstPrinter(
     AstPrinter,
@@ -513,7 +549,13 @@ class PythonAstPrinter(
         self._write_line("BaseType")
         with self._child_level():
             self._write_line(f"base: {node.base}")
-            self._write_optional_child("param", node.param, last=True)
+            self._write_line("args:", last=True)
+            with self._child_level():
+                for i, arg in enumerate(node.args):
+                    self._idx = i
+                    if i == len(node.args) - 1:
+                        self._mark_last()
+                    arg.accept(self)
 
     def visit_constraint_type(self, node: p.ConstraintType) -> None:
         self._write_line("ConstraintType")
@@ -757,9 +799,10 @@ class PythonAstPrinter(
             self._write_line("type")
             with self._child_level(single=True):
                 expr.type.accept(self)
-            self._write_line("expr", last=True)
+            self._write_line("expr")
             with self._child_level(single=True):
                 expr.expr.accept(self)
+            self._write_line(f"unsafe: {expr.unsafe}", last=True)
 
     def visit_ternary_expr(self, expr: p.TernaryExpr) -> None:
         self._write_line("TernaryExpr")
@@ -825,6 +868,17 @@ class PythonAstPrinter(
             self._write_optional_child("upper", expr.upper)
             self._write_optional_child("step", expr.step, last=True)
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: p.TupleExpr) -> None:
+        self._write_line("TupleExpr")
+        with self._child_level():
+            self._write_line("items", last=True)
+            with self._child_level():
+                for i, item in enumerate(expr.items):
+                    self._idx = i
+                    if i == len(expr.items) - 1:
+                        self._mark_last()
+                    item.accept(self)
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: p.RawExpr) -> None:
         self._write_line("RawExpr")
         with self._child_level(single=True):

midas/ast/python.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class MidasType(ABC):
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class BaseType(MidasType):
     base: str
-    param: Optional[MidasType]
+    args: tuple[MidasType, ...]
 
     def accept(self, visitor: MidasType.Visitor[T]) -> T:
         return visitor.visit_base_type(self)
@@ -268,6 +268,9 @@ class Expr(ABC):
         @abstractmethod
         def visit_slice_expr(self, expr: SliceExpr) -> T: ...
 
+        @abstractmethod
+        def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: TupleExpr) -> T: ...
+
         @abstractmethod
         def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: RawExpr) -> T: ...
 
@@ -350,6 +353,7 @@ class LogicalExpr(Expr):
 class CastExpr(Expr):
     type: MidasType
     expr: Expr
+    unsafe: bool
 
     def accept(self, visitor: Expr.Visitor[T]) -> T:
         return visitor.visit_cast_expr(self)
@@ -401,6 +405,14 @@ class SliceExpr(Expr):
         return visitor.visit_slice_expr(self)
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TupleExpr(Expr):
+    items: tuple[Expr, ...]
+
+    def accept(self, visitor: Expr.Visitor[T]) -> T:
+        return visitor.visit_tuple_expr(self)
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class RawExpr(Expr):
     expr: ast.expr

midas/checker/builtins.midas

@@ -178,4 +178,100 @@ extend dict[K, V] {
     // def __ior__: fn(value: SupportsKeysAndGetItem[K, V], /) -> dict[K, V]
     // def __ior__: fn(value: Iterable[tuple[K, V]], /) -> dict[K, V]
 
-}
+}
+
+extend str {
+    def capitalize: fn() -> str
+    def casefold: fn() -> str
+    def center: fn(width: int, fillchar: str?, /) -> str
+    def count: fn(sub: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def count: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def count: fn(sub: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> int
+    def count: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> int
+    def encode: fn(encoding: str?, errors: str?) -> bytes
+    def endswith: fn(suffix: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> bool
+    def endswith: fn(suffix: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> bool
+    def endswith: fn(suffix: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> bool
+    def endswith: fn(suffix: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> bool
+    def expandtabs: fn(tabsize: int?) -> str
+    def find: fn(sub: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def find: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def find: fn(sub: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> int
+    def find: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> int
+    // def format: fn(*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> str
+    // def format_map: fn(mapping: _FormatMapMapping, /) -> str
+    def index: fn(sub: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def index: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def index: fn(sub: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> int
+    def index: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> int
+    def isalnum: fn() -> bool
+    def isalpha: fn() -> bool
+    def isascii: fn() -> bool
+    def isdecimal: fn() -> bool
+    def isdigit: fn() -> bool
+    def isidentifier: fn() -> bool
+    def islower: fn() -> bool
+    def isnumeric: fn() -> bool
+    def isprintable: fn() -> bool
+    def isspace: fn() -> bool
+    def istitle: fn() -> bool
+    def isupper: fn() -> bool
+    def join: fn(iterable: list[str], /) -> str  // TODO: use Iterable
+    def ljust: fn(width: int, fillchar: str?, /) -> str
+    def lower: fn() -> str
+    def lstrip: fn(chars: None?, /) -> str
+    def lstrip: fn(chars: str, /) -> str
+    def partition: fn(sep: str, /) -> tuple[str, str, str]
+    
+    def replace: fn(old: str, new: str, count: int?, /) -> str
+
+    def removeprefix: fn(prefix: str, /) -> str
+    def removesuffix: fn(suffix: str, /) -> str
+    def rfind: fn(sub: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def rfind: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def rfind: fn(sub: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> int
+    def rfind: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> int
+    def rindex: fn(sub: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def rindex: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> int
+    def rindex: fn(sub: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> int
+    def rindex: fn(sub: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> int
+    def rjust: fn(width: int, fillchar: str?, /) -> str
+    def rpartition: fn(sep: str, /) -> tuple[str, str, str]
+    def rsplit: fn(sep: None?, maxsplit: int?) -> list[str]
+    def rsplit: fn(sep: str, maxsplit: int?) -> list[str]
+    def rstrip: fn(chars: None?, /) -> str
+    def rstrip: fn(chars: str, /) -> str
+    def split: fn(sep: None?, maxsplit: int?) -> list[str]
+    def split: fn(sep: str, maxsplit: int?) -> list[str]
+    def splitlines: fn(keepends: bool?) -> list[str]
+    def startswith: fn(prefix: str, start: None?, end: None?, /) -> bool
+    def startswith: fn(prefix: str, start: int, end: None?, /) -> bool
+    def startswith: fn(prefix: str, start: None, end: int, /) -> bool
+    def startswith: fn(prefix: str, start: int, end: int, /) -> bool
+    def strip: fn(chars: None?, /) -> str
+    def strip: fn(chars: str, /) -> str
+    def swapcase: fn() -> str
+    def title: fn() -> str
+    // def translate: fn(table: _TranslateTable, /) -> str
+    def upper: fn() -> str
+    def zfill: fn(width: int, /) -> str
+    def __add__: fn(value: str, /) -> str
+    // Incompatible with Sequence.__contains__
+    def __contains__: fn(key: str, /) -> bool
+    def __eq__: fn(value: object, /) -> bool
+    def __ge__: fn(value: str, /) -> bool
+    def __getitem__: fn(key: slice, /) -> str
+    def __getitem__: fn(key: int, /) -> str
+    def __gt__: fn(value: str, /) -> bool
+    def __hash__: fn() -> int
+    // def __iter__: fn() -> Iterator[str]
+    def __le__: fn(value: str, /) -> bool
+    def __len__: fn() -> int
+    def __lt__: fn(value: str, /) -> bool
+    def __mod__: fn(value: Any, /) -> str
+    def __mul__: fn(value: int, /) -> str
+    def __ne__: fn(value: object, /) -> bool
+    def __rmul__: fn(value: int, /) -> str
+    def __getnewargs__: fn() -> tuple[str]
+    def __format__: fn(format_spec: str, /) -> str
+}

midas/checker/builtins.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 BUILTIN_SUBTYPES: dict[str, set[str]] = {
-    "object": {"float", "list", "dict"},
+    "object": {"float", "list", "dict", "str", "bytes", "tuple"},
     "float": {"int"},
     "int": {"bool"},
 }
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@ def define_builtins(reg: TypesRegistry):
     any = reg.define_type("Any", TopType())
     unit = reg.define_type("None", UnitType())
     object = reg.define_type("object", BaseType(name="object"))
+    bytes = reg.define_type("bytes", BaseType(name="bytes"))
     bool = reg.define_type("bool", BaseType(name="bool"))
     int = reg.define_type("int", BaseType(name="int"))
     float = reg.define_type("float", BaseType(name="float"))
     str = reg.define_type("str", BaseType(name="str"))
     slice = reg.define_type("slice", BaseType(name="slice"))
 
+    tuple = reg.define_type("tuple", BaseType(name="tuple"))
+
     list = reg.define_type(
         "list",
         GenericType(

midas/checker/diagnostic.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ class DiagnosticType(StrEnum):
     ERROR = "Error"
     WARNING = "Warning"
     INFO = "Info"
+    DEBUG = "Debug"
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)

midas/checker/evaluator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
+
+import midas.ast.midas as m
+from midas.checker.preamble import Preamble
+from midas.checker.registry import TypesRegistry
+from midas.checker.reporter import FileReporter
+from midas.checker.types import Function, Predicate
+from midas.lexer.token import TokenType
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class PartialPredicate(Predicate):
+    scope: dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class Evaluator(m.Expr.Visitor[Any]):
+    def __init__(self, types: TypesRegistry, reporter: Optional[FileReporter] = None):
+        self.types: TypesRegistry = types
+        self.reporter: Optional[FileReporter] = reporter
+        self.preamble: Preamble = Preamble(self.types)
+        self.scopes: list[dict[str, Any]] = [{}]
+
+    def evaluate(self, expr: m.Expr) -> Any:
+        value: Any = expr.accept(self)
+        if self.reporter is not None:
+            self.reporter.debug(expr.location, f"Value: {value}")
+        return value
+
+    def get_value(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        scope: dict[str, Any] = self.scopes[-1]
+        return scope[name]
+
+    def set_value(self, name: str, value: Any, force_declare: bool = False):
+        if not force_declare:
+            for scope in reversed(self.scopes):
+                if name in scope:
+                    scope[name] = value
+                    return
+        self.scopes[-1][name] = value
+
+    def visit_logical_expr(self, expr: m.LogicalExpr) -> Any:
+        def left():
+            return self.evaluate(expr.left)
+
+        def right():
+            return self.evaluate(expr.right)
+
+        match expr.operator.type:
+            case TokenType.AND:
+                return left() and right()
+            case _:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def visit_binary_expr(self, expr: m.BinaryExpr) -> Any:
+        left: Any = self.evaluate(expr.left)
+        right: Any = self.evaluate(expr.right)
+        match expr.operator.type:
+            case TokenType.MINUS:
+                return left - right
+            case TokenType.STAR:
+                return left * right
+            case TokenType.SLASH:
+                return left / right
+            case TokenType.GREATER:
+                return left > right
+            case TokenType.GREATER_EQUAL:
+                return left >= right
+            case TokenType.LESS:
+                return left < right
+            case TokenType.LESS_EQUAL:
+                return left <= right
+            case TokenType.EQUAL_EQUAL:
+                return left == right
+            case TokenType.BANG_EQUAL:
+                return left != right
+            case _:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def visit_unary_expr(self, expr: m.UnaryExpr) -> Any:
+        right: Any = self.evaluate(expr.right)
+        match expr.operator.type:
+            case TokenType.MINUS:
+                return -right
+            case _:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def visit_call_expr(self, expr: m.CallExpr) -> Any:
+        callee: Any = self.evaluate(expr.callee)
+        args: list[Any] = [self.evaluate(arg) for arg in expr.arguments]
+        kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {
+            name: self.evaluate(arg) for name, arg in expr.keywords.items()
+        }
+
+        match callee:
+            case Predicate():
+                return self._evaluate_predicate(callee, args, kwargs)
+            case _ if callable(callee):
+                return callee(*args, **kwargs)
+            case _:
+                return NotImplementedError
+
+    def visit_get_expr(self, expr: m.GetExpr) -> Any:
+        obj: Any = self.evaluate(expr.expr)
+        return getattr(obj, expr.name.lexeme)
+
+    def visit_variable_expr(self, expr: m.VariableExpr) -> Any:
+        name: str = expr.name.lexeme
+        for scope in reversed(self.scopes):
+            if name in scope:
+                return scope[name]
+
+        predicate: Optional[Predicate] = self.types.lookup_predicate(name)
+        if predicate is not None:
+            if predicate.alias:
+                return self.evaluate(predicate.body)
+            return predicate
+
+        glob: Optional[Callable] = self.preamble.get_py_func(name)
+        if glob is not None:
+            return glob
+        raise NameError(f"Unknown variable '{name}'")
+
+    def visit_grouping_expr(self, expr: m.GroupingExpr) -> Any:
+        return self.evaluate(expr.expr)
+
+    def visit_literal_expr(self, expr: m.LiteralExpr) -> Any:
+        return expr.value
+
+    def visit_wildcard_expr(self, expr: m.WildcardExpr) -> Any:
+        return self.get_value("_")
+
+    def _evaluate_predicate(
+        self, predicate: Predicate, args: list[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> Any:
+        res: Any = None
+        if isinstance(predicate, PartialPredicate):
+            self.scopes.append(predicate.scope)
+        else:
+            self.scopes.append({})
+        match predicate.type:
+            case Function(returns=Function() as inner):
+                self._map_args(predicate.type, args, kwargs)
+                res = PartialPredicate(
+                    type=inner,
+                    body=predicate.body,
+                    alias=False,
+                    scope=self.scopes[-1],
+                )
+
+            case Function():
+                self._map_args(predicate.type, args, kwargs)
+                res = self.evaluate(predicate.body)
+
+            case _:
+                raise NotImplementedError
+        self.scopes.pop()
+        return res
+
+    def _map_args(self, function: Function, args: list[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]):
+        positional: list[Function.Argument] = function.pos_args + function.args
+        keywords: dict[str, Function.Argument] = {
+            arg.name: arg for arg in function.args + function.kw_args
+        }
+
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            param: Function.Argument = positional[i]
+            self.set_value(param.name, arg)
+
+        for name, arg in kwargs.items():
+            param: Function.Argument = keywords[name]
+            self.set_value(param.name, arg)

midas/checker/frame_methods.py

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Optional
+
+from midas.ast.location import Location
+from midas.checker.registry import TypesRegistry
+from midas.checker.reporter import FileReporter
+from midas.checker.types import (
+    ColumnType,
+    DataFrameType,
+    Function,
+    OverloadedFunction,
+    TopType,
+    Type,
+    UnknownType,
+    unfold_type,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from midas.checker.python import PythonTyper, TypedExpr
+
+
+@staticmethod
+def frame_method(*names: str):
+    def wrapper(func):
+        names_: tuple[str, ...] = names
+        if len(names_) == 0:
+            names_ = (func.__name__,)
+        setattr(func, "__method_names__", names_)
+        return func
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class Call:
+    location: Location
+    frame: DataFrameType
+    positional: list[TypedExpr]
+    keywords: dict[str, TypedExpr]
+
+
+class _MethodRegistryMeta(type):
+    _methods: dict[str, Callable[..., Type]] = {}
+
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        name: str,
+        bases: tuple[type, ...],
+        namespace: dict[str, Any],
+    ):
+        new_class = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace)
+        new_class._methods = {}
+        for attr in namespace.values():
+            if callable(attr) and hasattr(attr, "__method_names__"):
+                for name in attr.__method_names__:  # type: ignore
+                    new_class._methods[name] = attr  # type: ignore
+        return new_class
+
+
+class MethodRegistry(metaclass=_MethodRegistryMeta):
+    def __init__(self, typer: PythonTyper) -> None:
+        self.typer: PythonTyper = typer
+
+    @property
+    def reporter(self) -> FileReporter:
+        return self.typer.reporter
+
+    @property
+    def types(self) -> TypesRegistry:
+        return self.typer.types
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        call: Call,
+    ) -> Type:
+        func: Optional[Callable[..., Type]] = self._methods.get(method)
+        if func is None:
+            self.reporter.warning(call.location, f"Unknown method {method}")
+            return UnknownType()
+        return func(self, call)
+
+    @frame_method("add", "__add__")
+    def add(
+        self,
+        call: Call,
+    ) -> Type:
+        # TODO: support add with scalar, sequence, Series, dict
+        # TODO: check operation exists on inner column types
+
+        new_columns: list[DataFrameType.Column] = []
+
+        by_name: dict[str, DataFrameType.Column] = {}
+        frame2: Optional[DataFrameType] = None
+        if len(call.positional) != 0:
+            other: Type = call.positional[0][1]
+            unfolded_other: Type = unfold_type(other)
+            if isinstance(unfolded_other, DataFrameType):
+                frame2 = unfolded_other
+                by_name = {
+                    col.name: col for col in frame2.columns if col.name is not None
+                }
+
+        in_frame1: set[str] = set()
+        for column in call.frame.columns:
+            if column.name is not None:
+                in_frame1.add(column.name)
+
+            col_type1: Type = column.type
+            col_type: Type = ColumnType(type=UnknownType())
+            if column.name in by_name:
+                column2 = by_name[column.name]
+                col_type2: Type = column2.type
+                if self.types.are_equivalent(col_type2, col_type1):
+                    col_type = col_type1
+
+            new_column = DataFrameType.Column(
+                index=column.index,
+                name=column.name,
+                type=col_type,
+            )
+            new_columns.append(new_column)
+
+        if frame2 is not None:
+            for column in frame2.columns:
+                if column.name in in_frame1:
+                    continue
+                new_columns.append(
+                    DataFrameType.Column(
+                        index=len(new_columns),
+                        name=column.name,
+                        type=ColumnType(type=UnknownType()),
+                    )
+                )
+
+        signature = Function(
+            args=[
+                Function.Argument(
+                    pos=0,
+                    name="other",
+                    type=DataFrameType(columns=[]),
+                    required=True,
+                ),
+            ],
+            returns=DataFrameType(columns=new_columns),
+        )
+
+        return (
+            self.typer._get_call_result(
+                location=call.location,
+                callee=signature,
+                positional=call.positional,
+                keywords=call.keywords,
+            )
+            or UnknownType()
+        )
+
+    @frame_method()
+    def mean(self, call: Call) -> Type:
+        with_axis = Function(
+            kw_args=[
+                Function.Argument(
+                    pos=0,
+                    name="axis",
+                    type=self.types.get_type("int"),
+                    required=False,
+                )
+            ],
+            returns=ColumnType(type=TopType()),
+        )
+        without_axis = Function(
+            kw_args=[
+                Function.Argument(
+                    pos=0,
+                    name="axis",
+                    type=self.types.get_type("None"),
+                    required=True,
+                )
+            ],
+            returns=TopType(),
+        )
+        overload = OverloadedFunction(
+            overloads=[
+                with_axis,
+                without_axis,
+            ]
+        )
+        return (
+            self.typer._get_call_result(
+                location=call.location,
+                callee=overload,
+                positional=call.positional,
+                keywords=call.keywords,
+            )
+            or UnknownType()
+        )

midas/checker/frames.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, TypeGuard, cast
+
+import midas.ast.python as p
+from midas.ast.location import Location
+from midas.checker.frame_methods import Call, MethodRegistry
+from midas.checker.reporter import FileReporter
+from midas.checker.types import ColumnType, DataFrameType, TupleType, Type, UnknownType
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from midas.checker.python import PythonTyper, TypedExpr
+
+
+def is_list_of_literals(exprs: list[p.Expr]) -> TypeGuard[list[p.LiteralExpr]]:
+    return all(isinstance(expr, p.LiteralExpr) for expr in exprs)
+
+
+class FrameManager:
+    def __init__(self, typer: PythonTyper) -> None:
+        self.typer: PythonTyper = typer
+        self.method_resolver: MethodRegistry = MethodRegistry(self.typer)
+
+    def assign(
+        self,
+        reporter: FileReporter,
+        location: Location,
+        frame: DataFrameType,
+        index: p.Expr,
+        value_type: Type,
+    ) -> Type:
+        match index:
+            case p.LiteralExpr(value=str() as name):
+                return self.assign_column(reporter, location, frame, name, value_type)
+
+            case p.ListExpr(items=indices) if is_list_of_literals(indices) and all(
+                isinstance(idx, str) for idx in indices
+            ):
+                raise NotImplementedError
+
+            case _:
+                reporter.error(location, f"Invalid index type {index} on {frame}")
+                return UnknownType()
+
+    def assign_column(
+        self,
+        reporter: FileReporter,
+        location: Location,
+        frame: DataFrameType,
+        name: str,
+        type: Type,
+    ) -> Type:
+        if not isinstance(type, ColumnType):
+            reporter.error(
+                location,
+                f"Cannot assign {type} to dataframe column. Must be a ColumnType",
+            )
+            return frame
+        return self._set_column(frame, name, type)
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        reporter: FileReporter,
+        location: Location,
+        frame: DataFrameType,
+        index: p.Expr,
+    ) -> Type:
+        match index:
+            case p.LiteralExpr(value=str() as name):
+                column: Optional[ColumnType] = FrameManager._get_column(frame, name)
+                if column is None:
+                    reporter.error(location, f"Unknown column '{name}' on {frame}")
+                    return UnknownType()
+                return column
+
+            case p.ListExpr(items=indices) if is_list_of_literals(indices) and all(
+                isinstance(index.value, str) for index in indices
+            ):
+                names: list[str] = [cast(str, index.value) for index in indices]
+                columns: list[ColumnType] = []
+                for name in names:
+                    column: Optional[ColumnType] = FrameManager._get_column(frame, name)
+                    if column is None:
+                        reporter.error(location, f"Unknown column '{name}' on {frame}")
+                        return UnknownType()
+                    columns.append(column)
+                return TupleType(items=tuple(columns))
+
+            case _:
+                reporter.error(location, f"Invalid index type {index} on {frame}")
+                return UnknownType()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _set_column(
+        cls, frame: DataFrameType, name: str, column: ColumnType
+    ) -> DataFrameType:
+        new_columns: list[DataFrameType.Column] = []
+        index: int = len(frame.columns)
+        replace: bool = False
+        for i, col in enumerate(frame.columns):
+            if col.name == name:
+                index = i
+                replace = True
+                # TODO: check column type here to prevent changing it
+            new_columns.append(col)
+
+        new_col: DataFrameType.Column = DataFrameType.Column(
+            index=index,
+            name=name,
+            type=column,
+        )
+        if replace:
+            new_columns[index] = new_col
+        else:
+            new_columns.append(new_col)
+
+        return DataFrameType(columns=new_columns)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _set_columns(
+        cls, frame: DataFrameType, names: list[str], columns: list[ColumnType]
+    ) -> DataFrameType:
+        for name, col in zip(names, columns):
+            frame = cls._set_column(frame, name, col)
+        return frame
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_column(cls, frame: DataFrameType, name: str) -> Optional[ColumnType]:
+        for col in frame.columns:
+            if col.name == name:
+                return col.type
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_columns(
+        cls, frame: DataFrameType, names: list[str]
+    ) -> list[Optional[ColumnType]]:
+        return [cls._get_column(frame, name) for name in names]
+
+    def call(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        location: Location,
+        frame: DataFrameType,
+        positional: list[TypedExpr],
+        keywords: dict[str, TypedExpr],
+    ) -> Type:
+        call: Call = Call(
+            location=location,
+            frame=frame,
+            positional=positional,
+            keywords=keywords,
+        )
+        return self.method_resolver.call(method, call)

midas/checker/midas.py

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ from midas.checker.reporter import FileReporter, Reporter
 from midas.checker.types import (
     AliasType,
     AppliedType,
+    ColumnType,
     ComplexType,
     ConstraintType,
+    DataFrameType,
     ExtensionType,
     Function,
     GenericType,
@@ -401,6 +403,18 @@ class MidasTyper(m.Stmt.Visitor[None], m.Expr.Visitor[Type], m.Type.Visitor[Type
             kw=[process_arg(arg, i + n_pos + n_mixed) for i, arg in enumerate(spec.kw)],
         )
 
+    def visit_frame_type(self, type: m.FrameType) -> Type:
+        def process_column(i: int, col: m.FrameType.Column) -> DataFrameType.Column:
+            return DataFrameType.Column(
+                index=i,
+                name=col.name.lexeme,
+                type=ColumnType(type=col.type.accept(self)),
+            )
+
+        return DataFrameType(
+            columns=[process_column(i, col) for i, col in enumerate(type.columns)]
+        )
+
     def _resolve_type_params(self, params: list[m.TypeParam]):
         vars: list[TypeVar] = []
         for param in params:

midas/checker/preamble.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
 
 from midas.checker.environment import Environment
 from midas.checker.registry import TypesRegistry
@@ -16,23 +17,26 @@ class Preamble(Environment):
     def __init__(self, types: TypesRegistry) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self._types: TypesRegistry = types
+        self._python_funcs: dict[str, Callable[..., Any]] = {}
 
-        self._def_type_constructor("object")
+        self._def_type_constructor("object", object)
-        self._def_type_constructor("float")
+        self._def_type_constructor("float", float)
-        self._def_type_constructor("int")
+        self._def_type_constructor("int", int)
-        self._def_type_constructor("bool")
+        self._def_type_constructor("bool", bool)
-        self._def_type_constructor("str")
+        self._def_type_constructor("str", str)
         self._def_function(
             name="list",
             pos=[Param("object", TopType())],
             returns=self._list_of(TopType()),
+            py_function=list,
         )
 
         # TODO: use sink
         self._def_function(
             name="print",
-            pos=[Param("object", TopType())],
+            pos=[Param("object", TopType(), required=False)],
             returns=UnitType(),
+            py_function=print,
         )
 
         map_in = TypeVar(name="T", bound=None)
@@ -53,22 +57,31 @@ class Preamble(Environment):
             ],
             returns=self._list_of(map_out),  # TODO: replace with Iterable[U]
             type_vars=[map_in, map_out],
+            py_function=map,
         )
         self._def_function(
             name="input",
             pos=[Param("prompt", TopType(), required=False)],
             returns=self._types.get_type("str"),
         )
+        self._def_function(
+            name="len",
+            pos=[Param("object", TopType())],
+            returns=self._types.get_type("int"),
+        )
 
     def _list_of(self, item_type: Type) -> Type:
         return self._types.apply_generic(self._types.get_type("list"), [item_type])
 
-    def _def_type_constructor(self, name: str):
+    def _def_type_constructor(
+        self, name: str, py_function: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None
+    ):
         # TODO: more specific arg types
         self._def_function(
             name=name,
             pos=[Param("object", TopType(), required=False)],
             returns=self._types.get_type(name),
+            py_function=py_function,
         )
 
     def _make_function(
@@ -115,6 +128,7 @@ class Preamble(Environment):
         kw: list[Param] = [],
         returns: Type = UnitType(),
         type_vars: list[TypeVar] = [],
+        py_function: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
     ):
         function: Type = self._make_function(
             name=name,
@@ -125,3 +139,8 @@ class Preamble(Environment):
             type_vars=type_vars,
         )
         self.define(name, function)
+        if py_function is not None:
+            self._python_funcs[name] = py_function
+
+    def get_py_func(self, name: str) -> Optional[Callable[..., Any]]:
+        return self._python_funcs.get(name)

midas/checker/python.py

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 import ast
 import logging
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any, Optional
 
 import midas.ast.python as p
 from midas.ast.location import Location
+from midas.ast.printer import MidasPrinter
 from midas.checker.environment import Environment
+from midas.checker.evaluator import Evaluator
+from midas.checker.frames import FrameManager
 from midas.checker.operators import (
     PY_COMPARATOR_METHODS,
     PY_OPERATOR_METHODS,
@@ -18,9 +21,14 @@ from midas.checker.resolver import Resolver
 from midas.checker.types import (
     AliasType,
     AppliedType,
+    BaseType,
+    ColumnType,
+    ConstraintType,
+    DataFrameType,
     Function,
     GenericType,
     OverloadedFunction,
+    TupleType,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     UnitType,
@@ -39,6 +47,10 @@ class ReturnException(Exception):
     pass
 
 
+class UndefinedMethodException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class MappedArgument:
     expr: p.Expr
@@ -67,10 +79,12 @@ class PythonTyper(
         self.logger: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger("PythonTyper")
         self.reporter: FileReporter = reporter.for_file(None)
         self.types: TypesRegistry = types
+        self.frame_mgr: FrameManager = FrameManager(self)
         self.global_env: Environment = Preamble(self.types)
         self.env: Environment = self.global_env
         self.locals: dict[p.Expr, int] = {}
         self.judgements: list[tuple[p.Expr, Type]] = []
+        self.evaluated_casts: list[p.CastExpr] = []
 
     def process(self, source: str, path: Optional[str]) -> TypedAST:
         self.reporter = self.reporter.for_file(path)
@@ -84,10 +98,15 @@ class PythonTyper(
         self.env = self.global_env
         self.locals = resolver.locals
         self.judgements = []
+        self.evaluated_casts = []
 
         self.check(stmts)
 
-        return TypedAST(stmts=stmts, judgements=self.judgements)
+        return TypedAST(
+            stmts=stmts,
+            judgements=self.judgements,
+            evaluated_casts=self.evaluated_casts,
+        )
 
     def judge(self, expr: p.Expr, type: Type):
         """Record a typing judgement
@@ -180,6 +199,36 @@ class PythonTyper(
             return self.env.get_at(distance, name)
         return self.global_env.get(name)
 
+    def call_method(
+        self,
+        location: Location,
+        obj: Type,
+        method_name: str,
+        positional: list[TypedExpr],
+        keywords: dict[str, TypedExpr],
+    ) -> Optional[Type]:
+        unfolded: Type = unfold_type(obj)
+        match unfolded:
+            case DataFrameType():
+                return self.frame_mgr.call(
+                    method=method_name,
+                    location=location,
+                    frame=unfolded,
+                    positional=positional,
+                    keywords=keywords,
+                )
+
+        method: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(obj, method_name)
+        if method is None:
+            raise UndefinedMethodException
+
+        return self._get_call_result(
+            location,
+            method,
+            positional,
+            keywords,
+        )
+
     def is_subtype(self, type1: Type, type2: Type) -> bool:
         return self.types.is_subtype(type1, type2)
 
@@ -309,9 +358,15 @@ class PythonTyper(
             case p.VariableExpr():
                 self._assign_var(location, target, value_type)
 
+            # Allow any kind of object because we disallow creating new attributes
             case p.GetExpr(object=object, name=name):
                 self._assign_attr(location, object, name, value_type)
 
+            # Only support variable expressions because modifying
+            # the underlying value would require reference types
+            case p.SubscriptExpr(object=p.VariableExpr() as var, index=index):
+                self._assign_sub(location, var, index, value_type)
+
             case _:
                 if not isinstance(target, p.VariableExpr):
                     self.logger.warning(f"Unsupported assignment to {target}")
@@ -350,6 +405,30 @@ class PythonTyper(
                 f"Cannot assign {value_type} to member '{object_type}.{name}' of type {member}",
             )
 
+    def _assign_sub(
+        self,
+        location: Location,
+        var: p.VariableExpr,
+        index: p.Expr,
+        value_type: Type,
+    ):
+        var_type: Type = self.type_of(var)
+        unfolded_type: Type = unfold_type(var_type)
+        # TODO: what happens if type is an alias of a dataframe type
+        match unfolded_type:
+            case DataFrameType() as frame:
+                new_type: Type = self.frame_mgr.assign(
+                    self.reporter, location, frame, index, value_type
+                )
+                self.env.assign(var.name, new_type)
+            case UnknownType():
+                return
+            case _:
+                self.reporter.error(
+                    location,
+                    f"Cannot assign {value_type} to index {index} of {var_type}",
+                )
+
     def visit_return_stmt(self, stmt: p.ReturnStmt) -> None:
         type: Type = self.type_of(stmt.value) if stmt.value is not None else UnitType()
         self.env.return_types.append(type)
@@ -363,8 +442,10 @@ class PythonTyper(
         # print(m)  # <- m is still defined
         test_type: Type = self.type_of(stmt.test)
 
-        # TODO Allow subtypes or any type
+        if (
-        if test_type != self.types.get_type("bool"):
+            not self.types.is_subtype(test_type, self.types.get_type("bool"))
+            and test_type != UnknownType()
+        ):
             self.reporter.error(
                 stmt.test.location, f"If test must be a boolean, got {test_type}"
             )
@@ -380,13 +461,16 @@ class PythonTyper(
         pass
 
     def visit_for_stmt(self, stmt: p.ForStmt) -> None:
-        item_type: Optional[Type] = self._get_iterator_type(stmt.iterator)
+        item_type: Type = UnknownType()
-        if item_type is None:
+        iterator_type: Type = self.type_of(stmt.iterator)
-            iterator_type: Type = self.compute_type(stmt.iterator)
+        if iterator_type != UnknownType():
-            self.reporter.error(
+            maybe_item_type = self._get_iterator_type(stmt.iterator, iterator_type)
-                stmt.iterator.location, f"{iterator_type} is not iterable"
+            if maybe_item_type is None:
-            )
+                self.reporter.error(
-            item_type = UnknownType()
+                    stmt.iterator.location, f"{iterator_type} is not iterable"
+                )
+            else:
+                item_type = maybe_item_type
 
         self._assign(stmt.location, stmt.target, item_type)
         self.judge(stmt.target, item_type)
@@ -426,20 +510,16 @@ class PythonTyper(
         left: Type = self.type_of(left_expr)
         right: Type = self.type_of(right_expr)
 
-        operation: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(left, method)
+        result: Optional[Type]
-        if operation is None:
+        try:
+            result = self.call_method(location, left, method, [(right_expr, right)], {})
+        except UndefinedMethodException:
             self.reporter.error(
                 location,
                 f"Undefined operation {method} between {left} and {right}",
             )
             return UnknownType()
 
-        result: Optional[Type] = self._get_call_result(
-            location,
-            operation,
-            [(right_expr, right)],
-            {},
-        )
         return result or UnknownType()
 
     def visit_unary_expr(self, expr: p.UnaryExpr) -> Type:
@@ -452,20 +532,17 @@ class PythonTyper(
             return UnknownType()
 
         operand: Type = self.type_of(expr.right)
-        operation: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(operand, method)
+
-        if operation is None:
+        result: Optional[Type]
+        try:
+            result = self.call_method(expr.location, operand, method, [], {})
+        except UndefinedMethodException:
             self.reporter.error(
                 expr.location,
                 f"Undefined operation {method} for {operand}",
             )
             return UnknownType()
 
-        result: Optional[Type] = self._get_call_result(
-            expr.location,
-            operation,
-            [],
-            {},
-        )
         return result or UnknownType()
 
     def visit_call_expr(self, expr: p.CallExpr) -> Type:
@@ -473,13 +550,27 @@ class PythonTyper(
             case p.VariableExpr(name="TypeVar"):
                 return self.define_typevar(expr) or UnknownType()
 
-        callee: Type = self.type_of(expr.callee)
         positional: list[TypedExpr] = [
             (arg, self.type_of(arg)) for arg in expr.arguments
         ]
         keywords: dict[str, TypedExpr] = {
             name: (arg, self.type_of(arg)) for name, arg in expr.keywords.items()
         }
+
+        match expr.callee:
+            case p.GetExpr(object=obj, name=method):
+                obj_type: Type = self.type_of(obj)
+                unfolded: Type = unfold_type(obj_type)
+                if isinstance(unfolded, DataFrameType):
+                    return self.frame_mgr.call(
+                        method,
+                        expr.location,
+                        unfolded,
+                        positional,
+                        keywords,
+                    )
+
+        callee: Type = self.type_of(expr.callee)
         return (
             self._get_call_result(
                 location=expr.location,
@@ -494,7 +585,7 @@ class PythonTyper(
         object: Type = self.type_of(expr.object)
         member: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(object, expr.name)
         if member is None:
-            self.reporter.error(
+            self.reporter.warning(
                 expr.location, f"Unknown member '{expr.name}' of {object}"
             )
             return UnknownType()
@@ -511,6 +602,8 @@ class PythonTyper(
                 return self.types.get_type("float")
             case str():
                 return self.types.get_type("str")
+            case None:
+                return self.types.get_type("None")
             case _:
                 self.reporter.warning(expr.location, f"Unknown literal {expr}")
                 return UnknownType()
@@ -538,14 +631,25 @@ class PythonTyper(
         return UnknownType()
 
     def visit_cast_expr(self, expr: p.CastExpr) -> Type:
-        _ = self.type_of(expr.expr)
+        subject_type: Type = self.type_of(expr.expr)
-        return self.resolve_type_expr(expr.type)
+        target_type: Type = self.resolve_type_expr(expr.type)
+        is_lit, lit_value = self._get_literal(expr.expr)
+        if is_lit:
+            evaluated: bool = self._evaluate_cast_statically(
+                expr, subject_type, target_type, lit_value
+            )
+            if evaluated:
+                self.evaluated_casts.append(expr)
+        return target_type
 
     def visit_ternary_expr(self, expr: p.TernaryExpr) -> Type:
         test_type: Type = self.type_of(expr.test)
 
         # TODO Allow subtypes or any type
-        if test_type != self.types.get_type("bool"):
+        if (
+            not self.is_subtype(test_type, self.types.get_type("bool"))
+            and test_type != UnknownType()
+        ):
             self.reporter.error(
                 expr.test.location, f"If test must be a boolean, got {test_type}"
             )
@@ -574,9 +678,9 @@ class PythonTyper(
         if len(item_types) == 1:
             item_type: Type = item_types[0]
             return self.types.apply_generic(list_type, [item_type])
-        self.reporter.error(
+        self.reporter.warning(
             expr.location,
-            f"Heterogeneous list items: {item_types}",
+            f"Heterogeneous list items: [{', '.join(map(str, item_types))}]",
         )
         return self.types.apply_generic(list_type, [UnknownType()])
 
@@ -606,22 +710,29 @@ class PythonTyper(
         if len(key_types) == 1:
             key_type = key_types[0]
         else:
-            self.reporter.error(
+            self.reporter.warning(
                 expr.location,
-                f"Heterogeneous dict keys: {key_types}",
+                f"Heterogeneous dict keys: [{', '.join(map(str, key_types))}]",
             )
 
         if len(value_types) == 1:
             value_type = value_types[0]
         else:
-            self.reporter.error(
+            self.reporter.warning(
                 expr.location,
-                f"Heterogeneous dict values: {value_types}",
+                f"Heterogeneous dict values: [{', '.join(map(str, value_types))}]",
             )
         return self.types.apply_generic(dict_type, [key_type, value_type])
 
     def visit_subscript_expr(self, expr: p.SubscriptExpr) -> Type:
         object: Type = self.type_of(expr.object)
+        unfolded: Type = unfold_type(object)
+        match unfolded:
+            case TupleType():
+                return self._visit_tuple_subscript(unfolded, expr)
+            case DataFrameType():
+                return self._visit_frame_subscript(unfolded, expr)
+
         operation: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(object, "__getitem__")
         if operation is None:
             self.reporter.error(
@@ -639,6 +750,11 @@ class PythonTyper(
     def visit_slice_expr(self, expr: p.SliceExpr) -> Type:
         return self.types.get_type("slice")
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: p.TupleExpr) -> Type:
+        return TupleType(
+            items=tuple(self.type_of(item) for item in expr.items),
+        )
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: p.RawExpr) -> Type:
         return UnknownType()
 
@@ -650,22 +766,35 @@ class PythonTyper(
             self.reporter.warning(node.location, f"Unknown type '{node.base}'")
             return UnknownType()
 
-        if node.param is not None:
+        if len(node.args) != 0:
-            param: Type = self.resolve_type_expr(node.param)
+            args: list[Type] = [self.resolve_type_expr(arg) for arg in node.args]
-            return self.types.apply_generic(base, [param])
+            return self.types.apply_generic(base, args)
         return base
 
     def visit_constraint_type(self, node: p.ConstraintType) -> Type:
         self.reporter.warning(node.location, "ConstraintType not yet supported")
         return UnknownType()
 
-    def visit_frame_column(self, node: p.FrameColumn) -> Type:
+    def visit_frame_column(self, node: p.FrameColumn) -> ColumnType:
-        self.reporter.warning(node.location, "FrameColumn not yet supported")
+        return ColumnType(
-        return UnknownType()
+            type=(
+                self.resolve_type_expr(node.type)
+                if node.type is not None
+                else UnknownType()
+            )
+        )
 
     def visit_frame_type(self, node: p.FrameType) -> Type:
-        self.reporter.warning(node.location, "FrameType not yet supported")
+        return DataFrameType(
-        return UnknownType()
+            columns=[
+                DataFrameType.Column(
+                    index=i,
+                    name=column.name,
+                    type=self.visit_frame_column(column),
+                )
+                for i, column in enumerate(node.columns)
+            ]
+        )
 
     def _get_call_result(
         self,
@@ -1037,9 +1166,8 @@ class PythonTyper(
                 return False
         return True
 
-    def _get_iterator_type(self, expr: p.Expr) -> Optional[Type]:
+    def _get_iterator_type(self, expr: p.Expr, type: Type) -> Optional[Type]:
         # TODO: lookup __iter__
-        type: Type = self.type_of(expr)
         getitem: Optional[Type] = self.types.lookup_member(type, "__getitem__")
         if getitem is None:
             return None
@@ -1105,6 +1233,122 @@ class PythonTyper(
                 node: ast.Expression = ast.parse(value, mode="eval")
                 return parser._parse_type(node.body)
             case p.VariableExpr(name=name):
-                return p.BaseType(location=location, base=name, param=None)
+                return p.BaseType(location=location, base=name, args=())
             case _:
                 raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _get_literal(self, expr: p.Expr) -> tuple[bool, Any]:
+        match expr:
+            case p.LiteralExpr(value=value):
+                return True, value
+
+            case p.ListExpr(items=items):
+                values: list[Any] = []
+                for item in items:
+                    is_lit, value = self._get_literal(item)
+                    if not is_lit:
+                        return False, None
+                    values.append(value)
+                return True, values
+
+            case p.DictExpr(keys=keys, values=values):
+                pairs: list[tuple[Any, Any]] = []
+                for key, value in zip(keys, values):
+                    key_val = None
+                    if key is not None:
+                        is_lit, key_val = self._get_literal(key)
+                        if not is_lit:
+                            return False, None
+
+                    is_lit, value_val = self._get_literal(value)
+                    if not is_lit:
+                        return False, None
+
+                    if key is None:
+                        # TODO: check that value is always a dict
+                        assert isinstance(value_val, dict)
+                        pairs.extend(value_val.items())
+                    else:
+                        pairs.append((key_val, value_val))
+                return True, dict(pairs)
+
+            case _:
+                return False, None
+
+    def _evaluate_cast_statically(
+        self, expr: p.CastExpr, subject_type: Type, target_type: Type, lit_value: Any
+    ) -> bool:
+        match target_type:
+            case AliasType(type=base):
+                return self._evaluate_cast_statically(
+                    expr, subject_type, base, lit_value
+                )
+
+            case AppliedType(body=body):
+                return self._evaluate_cast_statically(
+                    expr, subject_type, body, lit_value
+                )
+
+            case ConstraintType(type=base, constraint=constraint):
+                evaluated: bool = True
+                if not self._evaluate_cast_statically(
+                    expr, subject_type, base, lit_value
+                ):
+                    evaluated = False
+
+                evaluator = Evaluator(self.types)
+                evaluator.set_value("_", lit_value)
+                res = evaluator.evaluate(constraint)
+                if not res:
+                    printer = MidasPrinter()
+                    constraint_str: str = printer.print(constraint)
+                    self.reporter.error(
+                        expr.location,
+                        f"Value {lit_value!r} does not fit constraint '{constraint_str}'",
+                    )
+                    evaluated = False
+                return evaluated
+
+            case BaseType():
+                # TODO: do we want to allow cast(float, int)? would require runtime conversion
+                if not self.types.is_subtype(
+                    subject_type, target_type
+                ) or not self.types.is_subtype(target_type, subject_type):
+                    self.reporter.error(
+                        expr.location,
+                        f"Value {lit_value!r} of type {subject_type} cannot be cast as {target_type}",
+                    )
+                    return False
+                return True
+
+            case DataFrameType() | ColumnType():
+                self.reporter.error(
+                    expr.location, f"Cannot cast {lit_value!r} to {target_type}"
+                )
+                return False
+
+            case _:
+                self.reporter.info(
+                    expr.location, f"Cannot evaluate cast to {target_type} statically"
+                )
+                return False
+
+    def _visit_tuple_subscript(self, tup: TupleType, expr: p.SubscriptExpr) -> Type:
+        match expr.index:
+            case p.LiteralExpr(value=int() as index):
+                if index < 0 or index >= len(tup.items):
+                    self.reporter.error(
+                        expr.location, f"Index {index} out of range for tuple {tup}"
+                    )
+                    return UnknownType()
+                return tup.items[index]
+            case _:
+                self.reporter.error(
+                    expr.location, f"Invalid index type {expr.index} on {tup}"
+                )
+                return UnknownType()
+
+    def _visit_frame_subscript(
+        self, frame: DataFrameType, expr: p.SubscriptExpr
+    ) -> Type:
+        return self.frame_mgr.get(self.reporter, expr.location, frame, expr.index)

midas/checker/registry.py

@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ from midas.checker.types import (
     AliasType,
     AppliedType,
     BaseType,
+    ColumnType,
     ComplexType,
     ConstraintType,
+    DataFrameType,
     ExtensionType,
     Function,
     GenericType,
     OverloadedFunction,
     Predicate,
     TopType,
+    TupleType,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     UnknownType,
@@ -157,6 +160,24 @@ class TypesRegistry:
                         return False
                 return True
 
+            case (DataFrameType(columns=columns1), DataFrameType(columns=columns2)):
+                # TODO: check order?
+                by_name1: dict[str, DataFrameType.Column] = {
+                    col.name: col for col in columns1 if col.name is not None
+                }
+                for col2 in columns2:
+                    if col2.name not in by_name1:
+                        return False
+                    if not self.is_subtype(by_name1[col2.name].type, col2.type):
+                        return False
+                return True
+
+            case (ColumnType(type=inner1), ColumnType(type=inner2)):
+                # TODO: invariant, replace ColumnType with simple GenericType
+                if not self.are_equivalent(inner1, inner2):
+                    return False
+                return True
+
             case (Function(), Function()):
                 return self.is_func_subtype(type1, type2)
 
@@ -187,6 +208,9 @@ class TypesRegistry:
 
         return False
 
+    def are_equivalent(self, type1: Type, type2: Type) -> bool:
+        return self.is_subtype(type1, type2) and self.is_subtype(type2, type1)
+
     # TODO: verify the logic in here
     def is_func_subtype(self, func1: Function, func2: Function) -> bool:
         """Check whether a function is a subtype of another
@@ -323,6 +347,9 @@ class TypesRegistry:
                     body=substitute_typevars(body, substitutions),
                 )
 
+            case BaseType(name="tuple"):
+                return TupleType(items=tuple(args))
+
             case _:
                 raise ValueError(f"{type} is not a generic type")
 

midas/checker/reporter.py

@@ -61,3 +61,10 @@ class FileReporter:
             location=location,
             message=message,
         )
+
+    def debug(self, location: Location, message: str):
+        self.report(
+            type=DiagnosticType.DEBUG,
+            location=location,
+            message=message,
+        )

midas/checker/resolver.py

@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ class Resolver(p.Stmt.Visitor[None], p.Expr.Visitor[None]):
 
             case p.GetExpr():
                 target.accept(self)
+
+            case p.SubscriptExpr():
+                target.accept(self)
+
             case _:
                 raise Exception(f"Unsupported assignment to {target}")
 
@@ -232,5 +236,9 @@ class Resolver(p.Stmt.Visitor[None], p.Expr.Visitor[None]):
         if expr.step is not None:
             self.resolve(expr.step)
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: p.TupleExpr) -> None:
+        for item in expr.items:
+            self.resolve(item)
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: p.RawExpr) -> None:
         pass

midas/checker/types.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from enum import StrEnum
-from typing import Optional, assert_never
+from typing import Optional, assert_never, cast
 
 import midas.ast.midas as m
 from midas.ast.printer import MidasPrinter
@@ -156,6 +156,37 @@ class ConstraintType:
         return f"{self.type} where {printer.print(self.constraint)}"
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class TupleType:
+    items: tuple[Type, ...]
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"({', '.join(map(str, self.items))})"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class ColumnType:
+    type: Type
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Column[{self.type}]"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+class DataFrameType:
+    columns: list[Column]
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        schema: list[str] = [f"{col.name}: {col.type}" for col in self.columns]
+        return f"Frame[{', '.join(schema)}]"
+
+    @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
+    class Column:
+        index: int
+        name: Optional[str]
+        type: ColumnType
+
+
 def substitute_typevars(type: Type, substitutions: dict[str, Type]) -> Type:
     def sub_argument(arg: Function.Argument):
         return Function.Argument(
@@ -165,6 +196,13 @@ def substitute_typevars(type: Type, substitutions: dict[str, Type]) -> Type:
             required=arg.required,
         )
 
+    def sub_column(col: DataFrameType.Column):
+        return DataFrameType.Column(
+            index=col.index,
+            name=col.name,
+            type=cast(ColumnType, substitute_typevars(col.type, substitutions)),
+        )
+
     match type:
         case TopType():
             return type
@@ -250,10 +288,26 @@ def substitute_typevars(type: Type, substitutions: dict[str, Type]) -> Type:
                 body=substitute_typevars(body, substitutions),
             )
 
+        case TupleType(items=items):
+            return TupleType(
+                items=tuple(substitute_typevars(item, substitutions) for item in items),
+            )
+
+        case ColumnType(type=items_type):
+            return ColumnType(
+                type=substitute_typevars(items_type, substitutions),
+            )
+
+        case DataFrameType(columns=columns):
+            return DataFrameType(
+                columns=list(map(sub_column, columns)),
+            )
+
         case UnknownType() | UnitType():
             return type
 
         case TopType() | GenericType():
+
             raise NotImplementedError(f"Unsupported type {type}")
 
         # Ensure exhaustiveness
@@ -317,6 +371,15 @@ def to_annotation(type: Type) -> str:
         case ConstraintType():
             return str(type)
 
+        case TupleType(items=items):
+            return f"Tuple[{', '.join(map(to_annotation, items))}]"
+
+        case ColumnType():
+            return "pd.Series"
+
+        case DataFrameType():
+            return "pd.DataFrame"
+
         case _:
             assert_never(type)
 
@@ -342,4 +405,7 @@ Type = (
     | GenericType
     | AppliedType
     | ConstraintType
+    | TupleType
+    | ColumnType
+    | DataFrameType
 )

midas/cli/commands/compile.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TextIO
+from typing import Optional, TextIO
 
 import click
 
@@ -19,24 +19,33 @@ from midas.utils import TypedAST
 @click.command(help="Compile source")
 @click.argument("file", type=click.File("r"))
 @click.option("-t", "--types", type=click.File("r"), multiple=True)
+@click.option("-s", "--stubs", type=str, multiple=True)
+@click.option("--ignore-errors", is_flag=True)
 def compile(
     file: TextIO,
     types: tuple[TextIO],
+    stubs: tuple[str],
+    ignore_errors: bool,
 ):
     source: str = file.read()
     source_path: Path = Path(file.name).resolve()
 
     checker = TypeChecker()
-    for types_file in types:
+    type_files: list[tuple[Path, Optional[str]]] = []
-        checker.import_midas(Path(types_file.name).resolve())
+    for i, types_file in enumerate(types):
+        in_path: Path = Path(types_file.name).resolve()
+        checker.import_midas(in_path)
+        type_files.append((in_path, stubs[i] if i < len(stubs) else None))
 
     typed_ast: TypedAST = checker.type_check_source(source, str(source_path))
     diagnostics: list[Diagnostic] = checker.diagnostics.copy()
     printer = DiagnosticPrinter()
     printer.print_all(diagnostics)
 
-    if any(map(lambda d: d.type == DiagnosticType.ERROR, diagnostics)):
+    if not ignore_errors and any(
+        map(lambda d: d.type == DiagnosticType.ERROR, diagnostics)
+    ):
         sys.exit(1)
 
     generator = Generator(workdir=source_path.parent, types=checker.types)
-    generator.generate(typed_ast, source_path)
+    generator.generate(typed_ast, source_path, type_files=type_files)

midas/cli/commands/stubs.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import ast
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TextIO
+from typing import Optional, TextIO
 
 import black
 import click
@@ -38,15 +38,17 @@ class Handler(FileSystemEventHandler):
 
 @click.command(help="Generate stubs from Midas definitions")
 @click.argument("file", type=click.File("r"))
-@click.option("-o", "--output", type=click.File("w"), default="-")
+@click.option("-o", "--output", type=click.File("w"))
 @click.option("-w", "--watch", is_flag=True)
 def stubs(
     file: TextIO,
-    output: TextIO,
+    output: Optional[TextIO],
     watch: bool,
 ):
     source_path: Path = Path(file.name).resolve()
-    out_path: Path = Path(output.name).resolve()
+    out_path: Path = source_path.with_suffix(".pyi")
+    if output is not None:
+        out_path = Path(output.name).resolve()
     generate_stubs(source_path, out_path)
 
     if watch:

midas/cli/commands/types.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ def types(
                 message=f"Type: {type}",
             )
         )
+    diagnostics.extend(checker.diagnostics)
     printer = DiagnosticPrinter()
     printer.print_all(diagnostics)
 

midas/cli/highlighter.py

@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@ class PythonHighlighter(
 
     def visit_base_type(self, node: p.BaseType) -> None:
         self.wrap(node, "base-type")
-        if node.param is not None:
+        for arg in node.args:
-            self.wrap(node.param, "param")
+            self.wrap(arg, "arg")
-            node.param.accept(self)
+            arg.accept(self)
 
     def visit_constraint_type(self, node: p.ConstraintType) -> None:
         self.wrap(node, "constraint-type")
@@ -247,6 +247,10 @@ class PythonHighlighter(
         if expr.step is not None:
             expr.step.accept(self)
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: p.TupleExpr) -> None:
+        for item in expr.items:
+            item.accept(self)
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: p.RawExpr) -> None: ...
 
     def visit_raw_stmt(self, stmt: p.RawStmt) -> None: ...
@@ -350,6 +354,14 @@ class MidasHighlighter(
         for param in spec.pos + spec.mixed + spec.kw:
             param.type.accept(self)
 
+    def visit_frame_type(self, type: m.FrameType) -> None:
+        self.wrap(type, "frame")
+        for column in type.columns:
+            self._visit_frame_column(column)
+
+    def _visit_frame_column(self, column: m.FrameType.Column) -> None:
+        self.wrap(column, "column")
+
 
 class DiagnosticsHighlighter(Highlighter):
     EXTRA_CSS_PATH: Optional[Path] = Path(__file__).parent / "hl_diagnostic.css"

midas/cli/hl_python.css

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ span {
         --col: 108, 233, 108;
     }
 
-    &.param {
+    &.arg {
         --col: 103, 192, 224;
     }
 

midas/cli/utils.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
@@ -7,6 +8,13 @@ from midas.cli.ansi import Ansi
 
 
 class DiagnosticPrinter:
+    COLORS: dict[DiagnosticType, int] = {
+        DiagnosticType.ERROR: Ansi.RED,
+        DiagnosticType.WARNING: Ansi.YELLOW,
+        DiagnosticType.INFO: Ansi.CYAN,
+        DiagnosticType.DEBUG: Ansi.MAGENTA,
+    }
+
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.files: dict[Optional[str], list[str]] = {}
 
@@ -22,10 +30,25 @@ class DiagnosticPrinter:
         return self.files[filename]
 
     def print_all(self, diagnostics: list[Diagnostic], indent: int = 4):
+        by_type: dict[DiagnosticType, int] = defaultdict(int)
         for diagnostic in diagnostics:
             filename: Optional[str] = diagnostic.file_path
             lines = self.get_lines(filename)
             self.print(lines, diagnostic, indent=indent)
+            by_type[diagnostic.type] += 1
+
+        if len(diagnostics) == 0:
+            return
+
+        counts: list[str] = []
+        for type in DiagnosticType:
+            if type not in by_type:
+                continue
+            count: int = by_type[type]
+            color: int = self.COLORS.get(type, Ansi.WHITE)
+            counts.append(f"{Ansi.FG(color)}{type.value}s{Ansi.RESET}: {count}")
+
+        print("    ".join(counts))
 
     def print(self, lines: list[str], diagnostic: Diagnostic, indent: int = 4):
         """Pretty-print a diagnostic, showing some context if possible
@@ -45,7 +68,7 @@ class DiagnosticPrinter:
 
         loc: Location = diagnostic.location
         if loc.lineno != loc.end_lineno:
-            print(diagnostic)
+            self.print_multiline(lines, diagnostic, indent)
             return
 
         start_offset: int = loc.col_offset
@@ -55,11 +78,7 @@ class DiagnosticPrinter:
         before: str = line[:start_offset]
         after: str = line[end_offset:]
 
-        color: int = {
+        color: int = self.COLORS.get(diagnostic.type, Ansi.WHITE)
-            DiagnosticType.ERROR: Ansi.RED,
-            DiagnosticType.WARNING: Ansi.YELLOW,
-            DiagnosticType.INFO: Ansi.CYAN,
-        }.get(diagnostic.type, Ansi.WHITE)
 
         subject: str = Ansi.FG(color) + line[start_offset:end_offset] + Ansi.RESET
         cursor: str = (
@@ -76,3 +95,27 @@ class DiagnosticPrinter:
         print(indent_str + before + subject + after)
         print(indent_str + cursor)
         print()
+
+    def print_multiline(
+        self, all_lines: list[str], diagnostic: Diagnostic, indent: int = 4
+    ):
+        loc: Location = diagnostic.location
+        lines: list[str] = all_lines[loc.lineno - 1 : loc.end_lineno]
+
+        start_offset: int = loc.col_offset
+        end_offset: int = loc.end_col_offset or (start_offset + 1)
+
+        indent_str: str = " " * indent
+        color: int = self.COLORS.get(diagnostic.type, Ansi.WHITE)
+        res: str = indent_str + lines[0][:start_offset]
+        res += Ansi.FG(color) + lines[0][start_offset:]
+        for line in lines[1:-1]:
+            res += "\n" + indent_str + line
+        res += "\n" + indent_str + lines[-1][:end_offset]
+        res += Ansi.RESET + lines[-1][end_offset:]
+
+        print(diagnostic.location_str + ":")
+        print(res)
+        print()
+        print(Ansi.FG(color) + diagnostic.message + Ansi.RESET)
+        print()

midas/generator/generator.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import ast
+import logging
 import shutil
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -8,42 +9,52 @@ import midas.ast.midas as m
 import midas.ast.python as p
 from midas.ast.location import Location
 from midas.ast.printer import MidasPrinter
+from midas.checker.checker import TypeChecker
 from midas.checker.registry import TypesRegistry
 from midas.checker.types import (
     AliasType,
     AppliedType,
     BaseType,
+    ColumnType,
     ComplexType,
     ConstraintType,
+    DataFrameType,
     ExtensionType,
     Function,
     GenericType,
     OverloadedFunction,
     TopType,
+    TupleType,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     UnitType,
     UnknownType,
 )
 from midas.generator.constraints import ConstraintGenerator
+from midas.generator.stubs import StubsGenerator
 from midas.utils import TypedAST
 
 
 @dataclass
 class Scope:
-    pre_assertions: list[ast.stmt] = field(default_factory=list)
+    pre_assertions: list[ast.stmt] = field(default_factory=list[ast.stmt])
-    aliases: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    aliases: list[str] = field(default_factory=list[str])
 
 
 class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
+    IS_DATAFRAME_FUNC = "__midas_is_dataframe__"
+    IS_COLUMN_FUNC = "__midas_is_column__"
+
     def __init__(self, workdir: Path, types: TypesRegistry) -> None:
         self.workdir: Path = workdir.resolve()
         self.build_dir: Path = self.workdir / "build" / "midas"
         self.rel_src_path: Path = Path()
+        self.logger: logging.Logger = logging.getLogger("Generator")
 
         self._typed_ast: TypedAST = TypedAST(
             stmts=[],
             judgements=[],
+            evaluated_casts=[],
         )
         self._alias_count: int = 0
         self._predicate_count: int = 0
@@ -52,20 +63,37 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
         self._constraint_generator: ConstraintGenerator = ConstraintGenerator(types)
         self._constraints: list[tuple[m.Expr, ast.expr]] = []
 
-    def generate_ast(self, typed_ast: TypedAST, src_path: Path) -> ast.AST:
+        self.define_is_dataframe: bool = False
-        self.rel_src_path = src_path.resolve().relative_to(self.workdir)
+        self.define_is_column: bool = False
+
+    def set_src_path(self, path: Path):
+        self.rel_src_path = path.resolve().relative_to(self.workdir)
+
+    def generate_ast(self, typed_ast: TypedAST) -> ast.AST:
         self._typed_ast = typed_ast
         body: list[ast.stmt] = self._visit_body(typed_ast.stmts)
         predicates: list[ast.stmt] = self._constraint_generator.get_definitions()
-        module = ast.Module(body=predicates + body, type_ignores=[])
+
+        body = predicates + body
+
+        if self.define_is_dataframe:
+            body = [self._is_dataframe_definition()] + body
+
+        if self.define_is_column:
+            body = [self._is_column_definition()] + body
+
+        module = ast.Module(body=body, type_ignores=[])
         module = ast.fix_missing_locations(module)
         return module
 
     def generate(
-        self, typed_ast: TypedAST, src_path: Path, out_path: Optional[Path] = None
+        self,
+        typed_ast: TypedAST,
+        src_path: Path,
+        out_path: Optional[Path] = None,
+        type_files: Optional[list[tuple[Path, Optional[str]]]] = None,
     ) -> Path:
-        module: ast.AST = self.generate_ast(typed_ast, src_path)
+        self.set_src_path(src_path)
-        compiled: str = ast.unparse(module)
         if out_path is None:
             if self.build_dir.exists():
                 shutil.rmtree(self.build_dir)
@@ -77,10 +105,30 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
                 raise ValueError(
                     f"Directory traversal, {self.rel_src_path} points outside of parent directory"
                 )
-            out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        out_dir: Path = out_path.parent
+        out_dir.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        if type_files is not None:
+            for in_path, out_name in type_files:
+                if out_name is None:
+                    out_name = in_path.stem
+                self.generate_stubs(in_path, out_dir / f"{out_name}.py")
+
+        module: ast.AST = self.generate_ast(typed_ast)
+        compiled: str = ast.unparse(module)
+
         out_path.write_text(compiled)
         return out_path
 
+    def generate_stubs(self, in_path: Path, out_path: Path):
+        checker = TypeChecker()
+        checker.import_midas(in_path)
+        generator = StubsGenerator(checker.types)
+        module: ast.Module = generator.generate_stubs()
+        module = ast.fix_missing_locations(module)
+        output: str = ast.unparse(module)
+        out_path.write_text(output)
+
     def visit_binary_expr(self, expr: p.BinaryExpr) -> ast.expr:
         return ast.BinOp(
             left=expr.left.accept(self),
@@ -131,10 +179,16 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
 
     def visit_cast_expr(self, expr: p.CastExpr) -> ast.expr:
         expr2: ast.expr = expr.expr.accept(self)
+
+        if expr in self._typed_ast.evaluated_casts or expr.unsafe:
+            return expr2
+
         alias: ast.expr = self._make_alias(expr2)
 
         type: Type = self._get_expr_type(expr)
-        self._make_cast_asserts(expr.location, alias, type)
+        asserts: list[ast.stmt] = self._make_cast_asserts(expr.location, alias, type)
+        for assert_ in asserts:
+            self._add_assert(assert_)
 
         return alias
 
@@ -169,6 +223,11 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
             step=expr.step.accept(self) if expr.step is not None else None,
         )
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: p.TupleExpr) -> ast.expr:
+        return ast.Tuple(
+            elts=[item.accept(self) for item in expr.items],
+        )
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: p.RawExpr) -> ast.expr:
         return expr.expr
 
@@ -269,63 +328,156 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
         )
         return alias
 
-    def _add_assert(self, expr: ast.expr, message: str | ast.expr):
+    def _build_assert(self, expr: ast.expr, message: str | ast.expr) -> ast.stmt:
         if isinstance(message, str):
             message = ast.Constant(value=message)
-        self._scopes[-1].pre_assertions.append(
+        return ast.Assert(
-            ast.Assert(
+            test=expr,
-                test=expr,
+            msg=message,
-                msg=message,
-            )
         )
 
+    def _add_assert(self, assertion: ast.stmt):
+        self._scopes[-1].pre_assertions.append(assertion)
+
     def _get_expr_type(self, query: p.Expr) -> Type:
         for expr, type in self._typed_ast.judgements:
             if expr == query:
                 return type
         raise RuntimeError(f"Cannot get type judgement for {query}")
 
-    def _make_cast_asserts(self, src_location: Location, expr: ast.expr, type: Type):
+    def _make_cast_asserts(
+        self, src_location: Location, expr: ast.expr, type: Type
+    ) -> list[ast.stmt]:
         match type:
             case UnknownType():
-                pass
+                return []
 
             case BaseType(name=name):
-                self._add_assert(
+                return [
-                    ast.Call(
+                    self._build_assert(
-                        func=ast.Name(id="isinstance"),
+                        ast.Call(
-                        args=[expr, ast.Name(id=name)],
+                            func=ast.Name(id="isinstance"),
-                        keywords=[],
+                            args=[expr, ast.Name(id=name)],
-                    ),
+                            keywords=[],
-                    self._make_cast_assert_message(src_location, expr, type),
+                        ),
-                )
+                        self._make_cast_assert_message(src_location, expr, type),
+                    )
+                ]
 
             case AliasType(type=base):
-                self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, base)
+                return self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, base)
 
             case UnitType():
-                self._add_assert(
+                return [
-                    ast.Compare(
+                    self._build_assert(
-                        left=expr,
+                        ast.Compare(
-                        ops=[ast.Is()],
+                            left=expr,
-                        comparators=[
+                            ops=[ast.Is()],
-                            ast.Constant(value=None),
+                            comparators=[
-                        ],
+                                ast.Constant(value=None),
+                            ],
+                        ),
+                        self._make_cast_assert_message(src_location, expr, type),
                     ),
-                    self._make_cast_assert_message(src_location, expr, type),
+                ]
-                )
 
             case AppliedType(body=body):
-                self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, body)
+                return self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, body)
 
             case ConstraintType(type=base, constraint=constraint):
-                self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, base)
+                asserts: list[ast.stmt] = self._make_cast_asserts(
-                self._make_constraint_assert(src_location, expr, constraint)
+                    src_location, expr, base
+                )
+                asserts.append(
+                    self._make_constraint_assert(src_location, expr, constraint)
+                )
+                return asserts
 
             case TypeVar(bound=bound):
                 # TODO: check with type from arguments / use call-site context
-                if bound is not None:
+                if bound is None:
-                    self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, bound)
+                    return []
+                return self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, expr, bound)
+
+            case TupleType(items=items):
+                asserts: list[ast.stmt] = [
+                    self._build_assert(
+                        ast.Call(
+                            func=ast.Name(id="isinstance"),
+                            args=[expr, ast.Name(id="tuple")],
+                            keywords=[],
+                        ),
+                        self._make_cast_assert_message(src_location, expr, type),
+                    ),
+                ]
+                assert isinstance(expr, ast.Tuple)
+                for item, item_type in zip(expr.elts, items):
+                    asserts.extend(
+                        self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, item, item_type)
+                    )
+                return asserts
+
+            case DataFrameType(columns=columns):
+                self.define_is_dataframe = True
+                asserts: list[ast.stmt] = [
+                    self._build_assert(
+                        ast.Call(
+                            func=ast.Name(id=self.IS_DATAFRAME_FUNC),
+                            args=[expr],
+                            keywords=[],
+                        ),
+                        self._make_cast_assert_message(
+                            src_location, expr, type, ": Not a dataframe"
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ]
+                for column in columns:
+                    asserts.append(
+                        self._build_assert(
+                            ast.Compare(
+                                left=ast.Constant(value=column.name),
+                                ops=[ast.In()],
+                                comparators=[expr],
+                            ),
+                            self._make_cast_assert_message(
+                                src_location,
+                                expr,
+                                type,
+                                f": Missing column {column.name}",
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    )
+                    asserts.extend(
+                        self._make_cast_asserts(
+                            src_location,
+                            ast.Subscript(
+                                value=expr, slice=ast.Constant(value=column.name)
+                            ),
+                            column.type,
+                        )
+                    )
+                return asserts
+
+            case ColumnType():
+                self.define_is_column = True
+                asserts: list[ast.stmt] = [
+                    self._build_assert(
+                        ast.Call(
+                            func=ast.Name(id=self.IS_COLUMN_FUNC),
+                            args=[expr],
+                            keywords=[],
+                        ),
+                        self._make_cast_assert_message(
+                            src_location, expr, type, ": Not a column"
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ]
+                inner_assert: Optional[ast.stmt] = self._make_column_inner_assert(
+                    src_location, expr, type
+                )
+                if inner_assert is not None:
+                    asserts.append(inner_assert)
+                return asserts
 
             case (
                 TopType()
@@ -335,14 +487,19 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
                 | ExtensionType()
                 | GenericType()
             ):
-                raise NotImplementedError(f"Can't make assertion for type {type}")
+                self.logger.warning(f"Can't make assertion for type {type}")
+                return []
 
             # Ensure exhaustiveness
             case _:
                 assert_never(type)
 
     def _make_cast_assert_message(
-        self, location: Location, expr: ast.expr, type: Type
+        self,
+        location: Location,
+        expr: ast.expr,
+        type: Type,
+        extra: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> ast.expr:
         loc_str: str = f"{self.rel_src_path}:L{location.lineno}:{location.col_offset+1}"
         # f"file.py:L1:1: CastError: Cannot cast {type(expr).__name__} to Type"
@@ -360,15 +517,15 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
                     ),
                     conversion=-1,
                 ),
-                ast.Constant(f" to {type}"),
+                ast.Constant(f" to {type}{extra or ''}"),
             ]
         )
 
     def _make_constraint_assert(
         self, src_location: Location, expr: ast.expr, constraint: m.Expr
-    ):
+    ) -> ast.stmt:
         test_func: ast.expr = self._get_constraint(constraint)
-        self._add_assert(
+        return self._build_assert(
             ast.Call(
                 func=test_func,
                 args=[expr],
@@ -396,3 +553,90 @@ class Generator(p.Stmt.Visitor[ast.stmt], p.Expr.Visitor[ast.expr]):
         constraint: ast.expr = self._constraint_generator.generate(expr)
         self._constraints.append((expr, constraint))
         return constraint
+
+    def _is_dataframe_definition(self) -> ast.stmt:
+        """
+        def IS_DATAFRAME_FUNC(obj) -> bool:
+            import pandas as pd
+            return isinstance(obj, pd.DataFrame)
+        """
+
+        return ast.FunctionDef(
+            name=self.IS_DATAFRAME_FUNC,
+            args=ast.arguments(
+                posonlyargs=[ast.arg(arg="obj")],
+                args=[],
+                kwonlyargs=[],
+                defaults=[],
+                kw_defaults=[],
+            ),
+            body=[
+                ast.Import(names=[ast.alias(name="pandas", asname="pd")]),
+                ast.Return(
+                    value=ast.Call(
+                        func=ast.Name(id="isinstance"),
+                        args=[
+                            ast.Name(id="obj"),
+                            ast.Attribute(
+                                value=ast.Name(id="pd"),
+                                attr="DataFrame",
+                            ),
+                        ],
+                        keywords=[],
+                    )
+                ),
+            ],
+            decorator_list=[],
+            returns=ast.Name(id="bool"),
+        )
+
+    def _is_column_definition(self) -> ast.stmt:
+        """
+        def IS_COLUMN_FUNC(obj) -> bool:
+            import pandas as pd
+            return isinstance(obj, pd.Series)
+        """
+
+        return ast.FunctionDef(
+            name=self.IS_COLUMN_FUNC,
+            args=ast.arguments(
+                posonlyargs=[ast.arg(arg="obj")],
+                args=[],
+                kwonlyargs=[],
+                defaults=[],
+                kw_defaults=[],
+            ),
+            body=[
+                ast.Import(names=[ast.alias(name="pandas", asname="pd")]),
+                ast.Return(
+                    value=ast.Call(
+                        func=ast.Name(id="isinstance"),
+                        args=[
+                            ast.Name(id="obj"),
+                            ast.Attribute(
+                                value=ast.Name(id="pd"),
+                                attr="Series",
+                            ),
+                        ],
+                        keywords=[],
+                    )
+                ),
+            ],
+            decorator_list=[],
+            returns=ast.Name(id="bool"),
+        )
+
+    def _make_column_inner_assert(
+        self, src_location: Location, column: ast.expr, type: ColumnType
+    ) -> Optional[ast.stmt]:
+        # TODO: improve message, maybe chain contexts
+        col: ast.expr = ast.Name(id="col")
+        body: list[ast.stmt] = self._make_cast_asserts(src_location, col, type.type)
+        if len(body) == 0:
+            return None
+        return ast.For(
+            target=col,
+            iter=column,
+            body=body,
+            orelse=[],
+        )

midas/generator/stubs.py

@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@ from midas.checker.types import (
     AliasType,
     AppliedType,
     BaseType,
+    ColumnType,
     ComplexType,
     ConstraintType,
+    DataFrameType,
     ExtensionType,
     Function,
     GenericType,
     OverloadedFunction,
     TopType,
+    TupleType,
     Type,
     TypeVar,
     UnitType,
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ class StubsGenerator:
         self.types: TypesRegistry = types
         self.stubs: list[ast.stmt] = []
         self.typing_imports: set[str] = set()
+        self.import_pandas: bool = False
         self.protocol_idx: int = 0
         self.stub_idx: int = 0
         self.type_var_idx: int = 0
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ class StubsGenerator:
     def generate_stubs(self) -> ast.Module:
         self.stubs = []
         self.typing_imports = set()
+        self.import_pandas = False
         for name, type in self.types._types.items():
             # Skip builtin types, not just based on name so the user can override
             # TODO: check if added members on builtin type
@@ -53,7 +58,7 @@ class StubsGenerator:
                     continue
             self.generate_stub(name, type)
 
-        imports = [
+        imports: list[ast.stmt] = [
             ast.ImportFrom(
                 module="__future__",
                 names=[ast.alias(name="annotations")],
@@ -70,6 +75,17 @@ class StubsGenerator:
                     level=0,
                 )
             )
+        if self.import_pandas:
+            imports.append(
+                ast.Import(
+                    names=[
+                        ast.alias(
+                            name="pandas",
+                            asname="pd",
+                        )
+                    ],
+                )
+            )
         return ast.Module(body=imports + self.stubs, type_ignores=[])
 
     def generate_stub(self, name: str, type: Type):
@@ -231,6 +247,31 @@ class StubsGenerator:
             case ConstraintType():
                 return self.dump_type(type.type)
 
+            case TupleType(items=items):
+                return ast.Subscript(
+                    value=ast.Name(id="tuple"),
+                    slice=ast.Tuple(
+                        elts=[self.dump_type(item) for item in items],
+                    ),
+                )
+
+            case ColumnType(type=inner):
+                self.import_pandas = True
+                return ast.Subscript(
+                    value=ast.Attribute(
+                        value=ast.Name(id="pd"),
+                        attr="Series",
+                    ),
+                    slice=self.dump_type(inner),
+                )
+
+            case DataFrameType():
+                self.import_pandas = True
+                return ast.Attribute(
+                    value=ast.Name(id="pd"),
+                    attr="DataFrame",
+                )
+
             case _:
                 assert_never(type)
 

midas/parser/midas.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from midas.ast.midas import (
     Expr,
     ExtendStmt,
     ExtensionType,
+    FrameType,
     FunctionType,
     GenericType,
     GetExpr,
@@ -204,8 +205,10 @@ class MidasParser(Parser):
         return self.generic_type()
 
     def generic_type(self) -> Type:
-        type: Type = self.named_type()
+        type: NamedType = self.named_type()
         if self.check(TokenType.LEFT_BRACKET):
+            if type.name.lexeme == "Frame":
+                return self.frame_type()
             args: list[Type] = self.type_args()
             return GenericType(
                 location=Location.span(type.location, self.previous().get_location()),
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ class MidasParser(Parser):
         self.consume(TokenType.RIGHT_BRACKET, "Missing ']' after generic arguments")
         return args
 
-    def named_type(self) -> Type:
+    def named_type(self) -> NamedType:
         name: Token = self.consume_identifier("Expected type name")
         return NamedType(
             location=name.get_location(),
@@ -259,6 +262,32 @@ class MidasParser(Parser):
             members=members,
         )
 
+    def frame_type(self) -> FrameType:
+        keyword: Token = self.previous()
+        self.consume(TokenType.LEFT_BRACKET, "Expected '[' to start frame schema")
+
+        columns: list[FrameType.Column] = []
+        while not self.check(TokenType.RIGHT_BRACKET) and not self.is_at_end():
+            name: Token = self.advance()
+            self.consume(TokenType.COLON, "Expected ':' between column name and type")
+            type: Type = self.type_expr()
+            columns.append(
+                FrameType.Column(
+                    location=name.location_to(self.previous()),
+                    name=name,
+                    type=type,
+                )
+            )
+            if not self.match(TokenType.COMMA):
+                break
+
+        self.consume(TokenType.RIGHT_BRACKET, "Unclosed frame schema")
+
+        return FrameType(
+            location=keyword.location_to(self.previous()),
+            columns=columns,
+        )
+
     def constraint(self) -> Expr:
         """Parse a constraint
 
@@ -348,7 +377,7 @@ class MidasParser(Parser):
         pos_args: list[Expr] = []
         kw_args: dict[str, Expr] = {}
         keywords: bool = False
-        while not self.match(TokenType.RIGHT_PAREN):
+        while not self.check(TokenType.RIGHT_PAREN):
             if self.check_identifier() and self.check_next(TokenType.EQUAL):
                 keywords = True
                 keyword: Token = self.advance()

midas/parser/python.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from midas.ast.python import (
     Stmt,
     SubscriptExpr,
     TernaryExpr,
+    TupleExpr,
     TypeAssign,
     UnaryExpr,
     VariableExpr,
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ class UnsupportedSyntaxError(Exception):
 
 class PythonParser:
     CAST_FUNCTION = "cast"
+    UNSAFE_CAST_FUNCTION = "unsafe_cast"
 
     def parse_module(self, node: ast.Module) -> list[Stmt]:
         statements: list[Stmt] = []
@@ -299,26 +301,28 @@ class PythonParser:
             case ast.Subscript(value=ast.Name(id="Frame"), slice=schema):
                 return self._parse_frame_type(schema)
 
-            case ast.Subscript(value=ast.Name(id=name), slice=param):
+            case ast.Subscript(value=ast.Name(id=name), slice=arg):
+                args: tuple[MidasType, ...] = (
+                    tuple(self._parse_type(a) for a in arg.elts)
+                    if isinstance(arg, ast.Tuple)
+                    else (self._parse_type(arg),)
+                )
                 return BaseType(
                     location=loc,
                     base=name,
-                    param=self._parse_type(param),
+                    args=args,
                 )
 
             case ast.Name(id=name):
                 return BaseType(
                     location=loc,
                     base=name,
-                    param=None,
+                    args=(),
                 )
 
             case ast.BinOp(left=left_expr, op=ast.Add(), right=right_expr):
                 left = self._parse_type(left_expr)
                 match left:
-                    case None:
-                        raise InvalidSyntaxError()
-
                     # If chained constraints, separate base type and rebuild constraint
                     case ConstraintType(type=left_type, constraint=left_constraint):
                         constraint = ast.BinOp(
@@ -344,7 +348,7 @@ class PythonParser:
                 return BaseType(
                     location=loc,
                     base="None",
-                    param=None,
+                    args=(),
                 )
 
             case _:
@@ -423,6 +427,9 @@ class PythonParser:
             case ast.Call(func=ast.Name(id=self.CAST_FUNCTION)):
                 return self.parse_cast(node)
 
+            case ast.Call(func=ast.Name(id=self.UNSAFE_CAST_FUNCTION)):
+                return self.parse_cast(node)
+
             case ast.Call():
                 return self.parse_call(node)
 
@@ -473,6 +480,12 @@ class PythonParser:
                     step=self.parse_expr(step) if step is not None else None,
                 )
 
+            case ast.Tuple(elts=items):
+                return TupleExpr(
+                    location=location,
+                    items=tuple(self.parse_expr(item) for item in items),
+                )
+
             case _:
                 print(f"Unsupported expression: {ast.unparse(node)}")
                 return RawExpr(location=location, expr=node)
@@ -527,16 +540,19 @@ class PythonParser:
         return expr
 
     def parse_cast(self, node: ast.Call) -> CastExpr:
+        assert isinstance(node.func, ast.Name)
+        func: str = node.func.id
         match node:
             case ast.Call(args=[type, expr], keywords=[]):
                 return CastExpr(
                     location=Location.from_ast(node),
                     type=self._parse_type(type),
                     expr=self.parse_expr(expr),
+                    unsafe=func == self.UNSAFE_CAST_FUNCTION,
                 )
             case _:
                 raise InvalidSyntaxError(
-                    f"Invalid call to {self.CAST_FUNCTION}, expected type and expression"
+                    f"Invalid call to {func}, expected type and expression"
                 )
 
     def parse_call(self, node: ast.Call) -> CallExpr:

midas/typing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import cast as typing_cast
+
+cast = typing_cast
+"""### Midas documentation
+Cast a value to a type.
+
+- **Compile-time**: tells the type checker that the return value has the designated type.
+- **Run-time**: generates assertions to ensure the value can be interpreted as the given type.
+
+---
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+_**Internal Python documentation**_
+"""
+
+
+unsafe_cast = typing_cast
+"""### Midas documentation
+Cast a value to a type.
+
+- **Compile-time**: tells the type checker that the return value has the designated type.
+- **Run-time**: -
+
+This operation is unsound, use at your own risk!
+
+---
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+_**Internal Python documentation**_
+"""
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+class Frame(Generic[T]):
+    """A `Frame` is the abstract type implemented by `DataFrame`
+
+    A frame contains any number of named columns (see :class:`Column`)
+    """
+
+
+class Column(Generic[T]):
+    """A `Column` is the abstract type implemented by `Series`
+
+    A column contains a any number of values of the same type
+    """

midas/utils.py

@@ -62,3 +62,4 @@ class UniversalJSONDumper:
 class TypedAST:
     stmts: list[p.Stmt]
     judgements: list[tuple[p.Expr, Type]]
+    evaluated_casts: list[p.CastExpr]

tests/cases/checker/01_simple_types.py.ref.json

@@ -4,7 +4,35 @@
       "type": "Warning",
       "location": {
         "start": [
-          6,
+          8,
+          12
+        ],
+        "end": [
+          8,
+          43
+        ]
+      },
+      "message": "ConstraintType not yet supported"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Warning",
+      "location": {
+        "start": [
+          10,
+          10
+        ],
+        "end": [
+          10,
+          18
+        ]
+      },
+      "message": "Unknown type 'datetime'"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "Warning",
+      "location": {
+        "start": [
+          13,
           4
         ],
         "end": [
@@ -12,7 +40,7 @@
           5
         ]
       },
-      "message": "FrameType not yet supported"
+      "message": "Unknown type '_'"
     }
   ],
   "judgments": []

tests/cases/checker/03_functions.py.ref.json

@@ -328,6 +328,19 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L6:9",
+        "to": "L6:10"
+      },
+      "expr": {
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+        "value": 1
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@@ -373,19 +386,6 @@
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     {
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         "from": "L6:5",
@@ -407,6 +407,32 @@
       },
       "type": {}
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+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L7:9",
+        "to": "L7:10"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
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+      "type": {
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+    {
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+        "to": "L7:15"
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+      "expr": {
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+      "type": {
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@@ -452,32 +478,6 @@
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     {
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@@ -503,6 +503,32 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L8:9",
+        "to": "L8:10"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
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+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
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+    {
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+        "to": "L8:17"
+      },
+      "expr": {
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+        "value": 2.0
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+      "type": {
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     {
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@@ -548,32 +574,6 @@
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     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L8:5",
@@ -600,6 +600,45 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L9:9",
+        "to": "L9:10"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
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+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
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+        "to": "L9:15"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 2.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
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+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L9:17",
+        "to": "L9:23"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "test"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L9:5",
@@ -645,45 +684,6 @@
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-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L9:5",
@@ -713,6 +713,45 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L10:9",
+        "to": "L10:10"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L10:12",
+        "to": "L10:15"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 2.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L10:19",
+        "to": "L10:22"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 3.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L10:5",
@@ -758,45 +797,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
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-        "to": "L10:10"
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-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L10:5",
@@ -827,6 +827,19 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L11:11",
+        "to": "L11:12"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L11:5",
@@ -872,19 +885,6 @@
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       }
     },
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-        "to": "L11:12"
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-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L11:5",
@@ -906,6 +906,19 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L12:11",
+        "to": "L12:17"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "test"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L12:5",
@@ -951,19 +964,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
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-        "to": "L12:17"
-      },
-      "expr": {
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-        "value": "test"
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-      "type": {
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-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L12:5",
@@ -985,6 +985,45 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L14:10",
+        "to": "L14:11"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L14:13",
+        "to": "L14:16"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 2.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L14:20",
+        "to": "L14:26"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "test"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L14:6",
@@ -1030,45 +1069,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
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-        "from": "L14:10",
-        "to": "L14:11"
-      },
-      "expr": {
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-    {
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-        "to": "L14:16"
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-      "expr": {
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-        "value": 2.0
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-      "type": {
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-    {
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-        "from": "L14:20",
-        "to": "L14:26"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": "test"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "str"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L14:6",
@@ -1101,6 +1101,45 @@
         "name": "bool"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L15:10",
+        "to": "L15:11"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L15:15",
+        "to": "L15:18"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 2.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L15:22",
+        "to": "L15:28"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "test"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L15:6",
@@ -1146,45 +1185,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
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-        "from": "L15:10",
-        "to": "L15:11"
-      },
-      "expr": {
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-    {
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-        "to": "L15:18"
-      },
-      "expr": {
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-      },
-      "type": {
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-    {
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-        "to": "L15:28"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": "test"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "str"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L15:6",
@@ -1217,6 +1217,45 @@
         "name": "bool"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L16:10",
+        "to": "L16:11"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L16:15",
+        "to": "L16:21"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "test"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L16:25",
+        "to": "L16:28"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 2.0
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L16:6",
@@ -1262,45 +1301,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L16:10",
-        "to": "L16:11"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": 1
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "int"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L16:15",
-        "to": "L16:21"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": "test"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "str"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L16:25",
-        "to": "L16:28"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": 2.0
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "float"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L16:6",
@@ -1333,6 +1333,45 @@
         "name": "bool"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L18:10",
+        "to": "L18:13"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": "a"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "str"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L18:15",
+        "to": "L18:16"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L18:20",
+        "to": "L18:25"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": false
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "bool"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L18:6",
@@ -1378,45 +1417,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L18:10",
-        "to": "L18:13"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": "a"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "str"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L18:15",
-        "to": "L18:16"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": 3
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "int"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L18:20",
-        "to": "L18:25"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
-        "value": false
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "bool"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L18:6",

tests/cases/checker/04_custom_types.py.ref.json

@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 {
   "diagnostics": [],
   "judgments": [
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L4:30",
+        "to": "L4:36"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 123.45
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L4:18",
@@ -11,12 +24,13 @@
         "type": {
           "_type": "BaseType",
           "base": "Meter",
-          "param": null
+          "args": []
         },
         "expr": {
           "_type": "LiteralExpr",
           "value": 123.45
-        }
+        },
+        "unsafe": false
       },
       "type": {
         "name": "Meter",
@@ -25,6 +39,19 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L5:28",
+        "to": "L5:31"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "LiteralExpr",
+        "value": 6.7
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L5:15",
@@ -35,12 +62,13 @@
         "type": {
           "_type": "BaseType",
           "base": "Second",
-          "param": null
+          "args": []
         },
         "expr": {
           "_type": "LiteralExpr",
           "value": 6.7
-        }
+        },
+        "unsafe": false
       },
       "type": {
         "name": "Second",

tests/cases/checker/06_subtyping.py.ref.json

@@ -100,6 +100,32 @@
         "name": "float"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L11:13",
+        "to": "L11:15"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "v1"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "int"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L11:17",
+        "to": "L11:19"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "v2"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "float"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L11:5",
@@ -135,32 +161,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L11:13",
-        "to": "L11:15"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "v1"
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-      "type": {
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-      }
-    },
-    {
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-        "from": "L11:17",
-        "to": "L11:19"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "v2"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "float"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L11:5",

tests/cases/checker/07_variance.py.ref.json

@@ -72,29 +72,6 @@
     }
   ],
   "judgments": [
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L26:0",
-        "to": "L26:5"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "print"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "pos_args": [
-          {
-            "pos": 0,
-            "name": "object",
-            "type": {},
-            "required": true
-          }
-        ],
-        "args": [],
-        "kw_args": [],
-        "returns": {}
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L27:4",
@@ -325,6 +302,29 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L26:0",
+        "to": "L26:5"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "print"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "pos_args": [
+          {
+            "pos": 0,
+            "name": "object",
+            "type": {},
+            "required": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "args": [],
+        "kw_args": [],
+        "returns": {}
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L26:0",

tests/cases/checker/08_unification.py.ref.json

@@ -63,31 +63,6 @@
         "name": "float"
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L6:11",
-        "to": "L6:15"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "bool"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "pos_args": [
-          {
-            "pos": 0,
-            "name": "object",
-            "type": {},
-            "required": false
-          }
-        ],
-        "args": [],
-        "kw_args": [],
-        "returns": {
-          "name": "bool"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L6:16",
@@ -135,6 +110,31 @@
         "name": "int"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L6:11",
+        "to": "L6:15"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "bool"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "pos_args": [
+          {
+            "pos": 0,
+            "name": "object",
+            "type": {},
+            "required": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "args": [],
+        "kw_args": [],
+        "returns": {
+          "name": "bool"
+        }
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L6:11",
@@ -367,6 +367,54 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L12:21",
+        "to": "L12:27"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "double"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "pos_args": [],
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "pos": 0,
+            "name": "value",
+            "type": {
+              "name": "float"
+            },
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "kw_args": [],
+        "returns": {
+          "name": "float"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L12:29",
+        "to": "L12:35"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "floats"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "list",
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "name": "float"
+          }
+        ],
+        "body": {
+          "name": "list"
+        }
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L12:17",
@@ -455,54 +503,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L12:21",
-        "to": "L12:27"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "double"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "pos_args": [],
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "pos": 0,
-            "name": "value",
-            "type": {
-              "name": "float"
-            },
-            "required": true
-          }
-        ],
-        "kw_args": [],
-        "returns": {
-          "name": "float"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L12:29",
-        "to": "L12:35"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "floats"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "list",
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "name": "float"
-          }
-        ],
-        "body": {
-          "name": "list"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L12:17",
@@ -538,6 +538,54 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L13:19",
+        "to": "L13:25"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "double"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "pos_args": [],
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "pos": 0,
+            "name": "value",
+            "type": {
+              "name": "float"
+            },
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "kw_args": [],
+        "returns": {
+          "name": "float"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L13:27",
+        "to": "L13:31"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "ints"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "list",
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "name": "int"
+          }
+        ],
+        "body": {
+          "name": "list"
+        }
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L13:15",
@@ -626,54 +674,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L13:19",
-        "to": "L13:25"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "double"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "pos_args": [],
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "pos": 0,
-            "name": "value",
-            "type": {
-              "name": "float"
-            },
-            "required": true
-          }
-        ],
-        "kw_args": [],
-        "returns": {
-          "name": "float"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L13:27",
-        "to": "L13:31"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "ints"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "list",
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "name": "int"
-          }
-        ],
-        "body": {
-          "name": "list"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L13:15",
@@ -699,6 +699,54 @@
       },
       "type": {}
     },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L14:15",
+        "to": "L14:21"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "is_odd"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "pos_args": [],
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "pos": 0,
+            "name": "value",
+            "type": {
+              "name": "int"
+            },
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "kw_args": [],
+        "returns": {
+          "name": "bool"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "location": {
+        "from": "L14:23",
+        "to": "L14:27"
+      },
+      "expr": {
+        "_type": "VariableExpr",
+        "name": "ints"
+      },
+      "type": {
+        "name": "list",
+        "args": [
+          {
+            "name": "int"
+          }
+        ],
+        "body": {
+          "name": "list"
+        }
+      }
+    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L14:11",
@@ -787,54 +835,6 @@
         }
       }
     },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L14:15",
-        "to": "L14:21"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "is_odd"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "pos_args": [],
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "pos": 0,
-            "name": "value",
-            "type": {
-              "name": "int"
-            },
-            "required": true
-          }
-        ],
-        "kw_args": [],
-        "returns": {
-          "name": "bool"
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "location": {
-        "from": "L14:23",
-        "to": "L14:27"
-      },
-      "expr": {
-        "_type": "VariableExpr",
-        "name": "ints"
-      },
-      "type": {
-        "name": "list",
-        "args": [
-          {
-            "name": "int"
-          }
-        ],
-        "body": {
-          "name": "list"
-        }
-      }
-    },
     {
       "location": {
         "from": "L14:11",

tests/cases/generator/01_simple_types.py.ref.txt

@@ -7,68 +7,14 @@ Module(
         alias(name='Meter'),
         alias(name='Second')],
       level=0),
-    Assign(
-      targets=[
-        Name(id='__midas_a0__')],
-      value=Constant(value=123.45)),
-    Assert(
-      test=Call(
-        func=Name(id='isinstance'),
-        args=[
-          Name(id='__midas_a0__'),
-          Name(id='float')],
-        keywords=[]),
-      msg=JoinedStr(
-        values=[
-          Constant(value='01_simple_types.py:L3:19: CastError: Cannot cast '),
-          FormattedValue(
-            value=Attribute(
-              value=Call(
-                func=Name(id='type'),
-                args=[
-                  Name(id='__midas_a0__')],
-                keywords=[]),
-              attr='__name__'),
-            conversion=-1),
-          Constant(value=' to float')])),
     Assign(
       targets=[
         Name(id='distance')],
-      value=Name(id='__midas_a0__')),
+      value=Constant(value=123.45)),
-    Delete(
-      targets=[
-        Name(id='__midas_a0__')]),
-    Assign(
-      targets=[
-        Name(id='__midas_a1__')],
-      value=Constant(value=6.7)),
-    Assert(
-      test=Call(
-        func=Name(id='isinstance'),
-        args=[
-          Name(id='__midas_a1__'),
-          Name(id='float')],
-        keywords=[]),
-      msg=JoinedStr(
-        values=[
-          Constant(value='01_simple_types.py:L4:16: CastError: Cannot cast '),
-          FormattedValue(
-            value=Attribute(
-              value=Call(
-                func=Name(id='type'),
-                args=[
-                  Name(id='__midas_a1__')],
-                keywords=[]),
-              attr='__name__'),
-            conversion=-1),
-          Constant(value=' to float')])),
     Assign(
       targets=[
         Name(id='time')],
-      value=Name(id='__midas_a1__')),
+      value=Constant(value=6.7)),
-    Delete(
-      targets=[
-        Name(id='__midas_a1__')]),
     Assign(
       targets=[
         Name(id='speed')],

tests/cases/python-parser/01_simple_types.py.ref.json

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "bool",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           },
           {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "int",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           },
           {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
               "type": {
                 "_type": "BaseType",
                 "base": "float",
-                "param": null
+                "args": []
               },
               "constraint": "(_ > 0) + (_ < 250)"
             }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "str",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           },
           {
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "datetime",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           },
           {
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "float",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           },
           {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "_",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           }
         ]

tests/cases/python-parser/02_custom_types.py.ref.json

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
             "type": {
               "_type": "BaseType",
               "base": "GeoLocation",
-              "param": null
+              "args": []
             }
           }
         ]
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@
       "type": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Column",
-        "param": {
+        "args": [
-          "_type": "BaseType",
+          {
-          "base": "GeoLocation",
+            "_type": "BaseType",
-          "param": null
+            "base": "GeoLocation",
-        }
+            "args": []
+          }
+        ]
       }
     },
     {
@@ -65,11 +67,13 @@
       "type": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Column",
-        "param": {
+        "args": [
-          "_type": "BaseType",
+          {
-          "base": "GeoLocation",
+            "_type": "BaseType",
-          "param": null
+            "base": "GeoLocation",
-        }
+            "args": []
+          }
+        ]
       }
     },
     {
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@
       "type": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Latitude",
-        "param": null
+        "args": []
       }
     },
     {
@@ -146,7 +150,7 @@
       "type": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Latitude",
-        "param": null
+        "args": []
       }
     },
     {
@@ -175,11 +179,13 @@
       "type": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Difference",
-        "param": {
+        "args": [
-          "_type": "BaseType",
+          {
-          "base": "Latitude",
+            "_type": "BaseType",
-          "param": null
+            "base": "Latitude",
-        }
+            "args": []
+          }
+        ]
       }
     },
     {
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@
               "type": {
                 "_type": "BaseType",
                 "base": "int",
-                "param": null
+                "args": []
               },
               "constraint": "_ >= 0"
             }
@@ -230,7 +236,7 @@
               "type": {
                 "_type": "BaseType",
                 "base": "float",
-                "param": null
+                "args": []
               },
               "constraint": "_ >= 0"
             }
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@
               "type": {
                 "_type": "BaseType",
                 "base": "int",
-                "param": null
+                "args": []
               },
               "constraint": "Positive"
             }
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@
               "type": {
                 "_type": "BaseType",
                 "base": "float",
-                "param": null
+                "args": []
               },
               "constraint": "Positive"
             }

tests/cases/python-parser/03_functions.py.ref.json

@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "Column",
-            "param": {
+            "args": [
-              "_type": "ConstraintType",
+              {
-              "type": {
+                "_type": "ConstraintType",
-                "_type": "BaseType",
+                "type": {
-                "base": "float",
+                  "_type": "BaseType",
-                "param": null
+                  "base": "float",
-              },
+                  "args": []
-              "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 1"
+                },
-            }
+                "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 1"
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "default": null
         },
@@ -31,15 +33,17 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "Column",
-            "param": {
+            "args": [
-              "_type": "ConstraintType",
+              {
-              "type": {
+                "_type": "ConstraintType",
-                "_type": "BaseType",
+                "type": {
-                "base": "float",
+                  "_type": "BaseType",
-                "param": null
+                  "base": "float",
-              },
+                  "args": []
-              "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 1"
+                },
-            }
+                "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 1"
+              }
+            ]
           },
           "default": null
         }
@@ -50,15 +54,17 @@
       "returns": {
         "_type": "BaseType",
         "base": "Column",
-        "param": {
+        "args": [
-          "_type": "ConstraintType",
+          {
-          "type": {
+            "_type": "ConstraintType",
-            "_type": "BaseType",
+            "type": {
-            "base": "float",
+              "_type": "BaseType",
-            "param": null
+              "base": "float",
-          },
+              "args": []
-          "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 2"
+            },
-        }
+            "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 2"
+          }
+        ]
       },
       "body": [
         {
@@ -67,15 +73,17 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "Column",
-            "param": {
+            "args": [
-              "_type": "ConstraintType",
+              {
-              "type": {
+                "_type": "ConstraintType",
-                "_type": "BaseType",
+                "type": {
-                "base": "float",
+                  "_type": "BaseType",
-                "param": null
+                  "base": "float",
-              },
+                  "args": []
-              "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 2"
+                },
-            }
+                "constraint": "0 <= _ <= 2"
+              }
+            ]
           }
         },
         {
@@ -117,7 +125,7 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "int",
-            "param": null
+            "args": []
           },
           "default": null
         }
@@ -128,7 +136,7 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "float",
-            "param": null
+            "args": []
           },
           "default": null
         }
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@
           "type": {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": "str",
-            "param": null
+            "args": []
           },
           "default": null
         }

tests/generator.py

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ class GeneratorTester(Tester):
 
         if not any(d.type == DiagnosticType.ERROR for d in checker.diagnostics):
             generator = Generator(workdir=path.parent, types=checker.types)
-            result.compiled_ast = generator.generate_ast(typed_ast, path)
+            generator.set_src_path(path)
+            result.compiled_ast = generator.generate_ast(typed_ast)
 
         return result
 

tests/serializer/midas.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from midas.ast.midas import (
     Expr,
     ExtendStmt,
     ExtensionType,
+    FrameType,
     FunctionType,
     GenericType,
     GetExpr,
@@ -197,3 +198,15 @@ class MidasAstJsonSerializer(
             "base": type.base.accept(self),
             "extension": type.extension.accept(self),
         }
+
+    def visit_frame_type(self, type: FrameType) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "_type": "FrameType",
+            "columns": [self._serialize_column(col) for col in type.columns],
+        }
+
+    def _serialize_column(self, column: FrameType.Column):
+        return {
+            "name": column.name.lexeme,
+            "type": column.type.accept(self),
+        }

tests/serializer/python.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from midas.ast.python import (
     Stmt,
     SubscriptExpr,
     TernaryExpr,
+    TupleExpr,
     TypeAssign,
     UnaryExpr,
     VariableExpr,
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ class PythonAstJsonSerializer(
         return {
             "_type": "BaseType",
             "base": node.base,
-            "param": self._serialize_optional(node.param),
+            "args": self._serialize_list(node.args),
         }
 
     def visit_constraint_type(self, node: ConstraintType) -> dict:
@@ -263,6 +264,7 @@ class PythonAstJsonSerializer(
             "_type": "CastExpr",
             "type": expr.type.accept(self),
             "expr": expr.expr.accept(self),
+            "unsafe": expr.unsafe,
         }
 
     def visit_ternary_expr(self, expr: TernaryExpr) -> dict:
@@ -301,6 +303,12 @@ class PythonAstJsonSerializer(
             "step": self._serialize_optional(expr.step),
         }
 
+    def visit_tuple_expr(self, expr: TupleExpr) -> dict:
+        return {
+            "_type": "TupleExpr",
+            "items": [item.accept(self) for item in expr.items],
+        }
+
     def visit_raw_expr(self, expr: RawExpr) -> dict:
         return {
             "_type": "RawExpr",